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Landscape Ecology Meets Disease Ecology in the Tropical America: Patterns, Trends, and Future Directions

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

In this paper, we synthesize the status and trends of studies assessing the effects of landscape structure and changes on zoonotic and vector-borne disease risk in the Tropical America region (i.e., spanning from Mexico to southern South America). Understanding how landscape structure affects disease emergence is critical to designing prevention measures and maintaining healthy ecosystems for both animals and humans.

Recent Findings

We found that there is a small number of articles being published each year regarding landscape structure and zoonotic and vector borne diseases in the Tropical Americas region, with a slight growing trend after 2013. We identified a large knowledge gap on the subject in most of the countries: in 15 of 27 countries, no article was found, and 72% of the current literature available is concentrated in only three countries (Brazil, Panama, and Colombia). Five diseases represent about 68% of the available knowledge, which compared to over 200 types of known zoonoses and vector-borne diseases, is an extremely low number. Most of the knowledge that exists for the region is about landscape composition, with few studies evaluating configuration parameters.

Summary

In general, landscape changes presented a positive effect on zoonotic and disease risk in most of the studies found, with habitat loss, fragmentation and increases in the amount of edge habitats leading to an increased risk of the diseases investigated. The continued integration of landscape ecology into disease ecology studies can increase the knowledge about how land use change is affecting animals and human health and can allow the establishment of guidelines to create landscapes that have a low pathogenicity.

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Funding

RLC was funded by Fapesp 2022/07381–9. PRP is funded by NSF 2225023. MCSM is funded by CNPQ 371133/2023–8. RLM was supported by Bryce Carmine and Anne Carmine (née Percival), through the Massey University Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Avenida Dos Estados, Santo André, SP, 5001, 09210-580, Brazil

    Matheus C. S. Mancini

  2. Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Julia Rodrigues Barreto

  3. Institute of Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Anfiteatro, São Paulo, 513, 05508-060, Brazil

    Raquel L. Carvalho

  4. IUCN Human Health and Ecosystem Management Thematic Group, Gland, Switzerland

    Raquel L. Carvalho, Renata L. Muylaert & Paula R. Prist

  5. Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Renata L. Muylaert

  6. ViaFAUNA Estudos Ambientais Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil

    Ricardo Corasa Arrais

  7. EcoHealth Alliance, 520 8th Avenue ste 1200, New York City, NY, 10018, USA

    Paula R. Prist

  8. Future Earth GRN One Health, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA

    Paula R. Prist

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  1. Matheus C. S. Mancini
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  2. Julia Rodrigues Barreto
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  3. Raquel L. Carvalho
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  4. Renata L. Muylaert
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  5. Ricardo Corasa Arrais
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  6. Paula R. Prist
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Contributions

Raquel L. Carvalho, Renata Muylaert, and Paula R. Prist conceived and designed the research. Matheus C. S. Mancini, Julia Barreto, Ricardo Arrais, Raquel L. Carvalho, Renata Muylaert, and Paula R. Prist performed the literature review. Matheus C. S. Mancini, Julia Barreto, Raquel L. Carvalho, Renata Muylaert, and Paula R. Prist wrote the manuscript. All authors approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Paula R. Prist.

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Mancini, M.C.S., Barreto, J.R., Carvalho, R.L. et al. Landscape Ecology Meets Disease Ecology in the Tropical America: Patterns, Trends, and Future Directions. Curr Landscape Ecol Rep (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40823-024-00096-3

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