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Recent Research Progress on the Antidepressant-like Effect and Neuropharmacological Potential of Gastrodia elata Blume

  • Natural Products: From Chemistry to Pharmacology (C Ho, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Depression is a difficult and currently incurable mood disorder and the conventional therapies used as treatment are unsatisfactory nowadays. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to find alternative or complementary approaches to deal with depression. Gastrodia elata Blume (GE) is not only a traditional Chinese medicine but also a food material that has been widely used in treating numerous neurological disorders in East Asia, including migraine, seizure, and mood disorders. In the present review article, we summarized the antidepressant-like effects of GE that have been reported in animal studies and elucidate its cellular mechanisms.

Recent Findings

GE and its active compounds, gastrodin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, vanillin, and their derivatives have recently been reported to have intensive antidepressant-like effects in several animal models of depression, such as the forced swim test, the tail suspension test, and the chronic mild stress. The molecular mechanisms of GE-induced antidepressant-like effect are likely through regulation of neurotransmitters, antioxidation, antiinflammation, modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotrophic effects, regulation of stem cell, and enhancement of neuroplasticity and neuroprotection.

Summary

GE and its bioactive components have been shown to possess antidepressant-like effects in several well-conducted animal studies. Additionally, GE has been applied to manipulate mood disorders in Chinese medicine for many years. However, more accurate and specific initial targeting of the mechanism of action of GE, as well as the application of clinical trials, are warranted and deserve further investigation.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

Akt:

Protein kinase B

AP-1:

Activator protein-1

B2:

N(6)-(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) adenine riboside

Bax:

Bcl-2-associated X

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BrdU:

Bromodeoxyuridine

Clic4:

Chloride intracellular channel protein 4

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

CREB:

cAMP responsive element binding protein

CSDS:

Chronic social defeat stress

DA:

Dopamine

Dbnl:

Drebrin-like protein

DCX:

Doublecortin

DG:

Dentate gyrus

DOPAC:

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

DPPH:

1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

DPYL2 (CRMP2):

Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2

ERK1/2:

Extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2

FST:

Forced swim test

GABA:

γ-Aminobutyric acid

GABA-T:

GABA transaminase

GAD:

Glutamate decarboxylase

GCLM:

Glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit

GDNF:

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

GE:

Gastrodia elata Blume

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

GSH:

Glutathione

GSHPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

GSHRx:

Glutathione reductase

GSSG:

Glutathione disulfide

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HD:

Huntington’s disease

HO-1:

Hemeoxygenase-1

HPA:

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal

Hsp90aa1:

Heat shock protein 90

HVA:

Homovanillic acid

i.p.:

Intraperitoneally

IKK:

IκB kinase

IL:

Interleukin

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

iTRAQ:

Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation

JNK:

c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase

KEAP-1:

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1

L-DOPA:

Levodopa

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MAO:

Monoamine oxidase

MAOIs:

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

MAP2:

Microtubule associated protein 2

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MDD:

Major depressive disorder

MEK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase

Mobkl3:

Mps one binder kinase activator-like 3

MPP+ :

Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NCAM:

Neural cell adhesion molecule

NE:

Norepinephrine

NeuN:

Neuronal neuclei

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor κB

NMDAR:

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor

NO:

Nitric oxide

NPY:

Neuropeptide Y

NQO1:

NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2

NSCs:

Neuronal stem cells

Nxn:

Nucleoredoxin

OFT:

Open field test

OGD/R:

Oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion

PACSIN2:

Protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons protein 2

PC12:

Pheochromocytoma

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PDI:

Protein disulfide isomerase

PDLIM1/5:

PDZ and LIM domain protein 1/5

PFN1:

Profilin 1

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase

PKA:

Protein kinase A

Ppia:

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A

Prdx6:

Peroxiredoxin 6

Rho A:

Ras homologous member A

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RTN1/4:

Reticulon 1/4

Sept2:

Septin-2

sMaf:

Small Maf

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SOX2:

Sex-determing region Y-box 2

SPS:

Single prolonged stress

SS(N)RIs:

Selective serotonin (norepinephrine) reuptake inhibitors

SSA:

Succinic semialdehyde

TCAs:

Tricyclic antidepressants

TCM:

Traditional Chinese medicine

TH:

Tyrosine hydroxylase

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

TPH:

Typtophan hydroxylase

Tpi1:

Triosephosphate isomerase

TrkB:

Tropomyosin-related kinase B

TST:

Tail suspension test

Tuj-1:

Neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin

Uchl1:

Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1

(U)CMS:

(Unpredictable) chronic mild stress

WGE:

Water extract of Gastrodia elata Blume

WHO:

World Health Organization

4-HBA:

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol

4-HBAD:

4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde

5-HIAA:

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid

5-HT:

Serotonin

5-HTP:

5-Hydroxytryptophan

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology (NSC 97-2313-B-002-014-MY3 and MOST 104–2320-B-002–036-MY3) and the Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan (105AS-16.1.1-CI-C2 and 106AS-16.1.1-CI-C2), Taiwan.

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  1. Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan

    Yu-En Lin, Kuan-Hung Lu & Lee-Yan Sheen

  2. Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan

    Lee-Yan Sheen

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Natural Products: From Chemistry to Pharmacology

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Lin, YE., Lu, KH. & Sheen, LY. Recent Research Progress on the Antidepressant-like Effect and Neuropharmacological Potential of Gastrodia elata Blume. Curr Pharmacol Rep 4, 220–237 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-018-0137-2

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