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Galantamine-Memantine Combination as an Antioxidant Treatment for Schizophrenia

  • Psychosis (A Ahmed, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The objective of this article is to highlight the potential role of the galantamine-memantine combination as a novel antioxidant treatment for schizophrenia.

Recent Findings

In addition to the well-known mechanisms of action of galantamine and memantine, these medications also have antioxidant activity. Furthermore, an interplay exists between oxidative stress, inflammation (redox-inflammatory hypothesis), and kynurenine pathway metabolites. Also, there is an interaction between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Oxidative stress may be associated with positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms and impairments in white matter integrity in schizophrenia. The antipsychotic-galantamine-memantine combination may provide a novel strategy in schizophrenia to treat positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms.

Summary

A “single antioxidant” may be inadequate to counteract the complex cascade of oxidative stress. The galantamine-memantine combination as “double antioxidants” is promising. Hence, randomized controlled trials are warranted with the antipsychotic-galantamine-memantine combination with oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers in schizophrenia.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Drs. Joshua Kantrowitz, Laura Rowland, and Iris Sommer for their valuable comments. This material was presented at the 57th American College of Neuropsychopharmacology meeting, December 9–13, 2018, Hollywood, Florida, USA; at the Schizophrenia International Research Society conference, April 10–14, 2019, Orlando, Florida, USA, and at the 74th Annual Society of Biological Psychiatry Scientific Conference, May 16-18, 2019, Chicago, Illinois, USA. The authors thank Ms. Sasha Koola for preparing Fig. 1.

Funding

The funding support to Pillai from NIH/NIMH (MH 097060) is acknowledged.

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  1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I St NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA

    Maju Mathew Koola

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

    Samir Kumar Praharaj

  3. Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA

    Anilkumar Pillai

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Koola, M.M., Praharaj, S.K. & Pillai, A. Galantamine-Memantine Combination as an Antioxidant Treatment for Schizophrenia. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 6, 37–50 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40473-019-00174-5

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