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CRISPR-Cas System: A New Dawn to Combat Antibiotic Resistance

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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can potentially harm global public health. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which speeds up the emergence of AMR and increases the burden of drug resistance in mobile genetic elements (MGEs), is the primary method by which AMR genes are transferred across bacterial pathogens. New approaches are urgently needed to halt the spread of bacterial diseases and antibiotic resistance. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), an RNA-guided adaptive immune system, protects prokaryotes from foreign DNA like plasmids and phages. This approach may be essential in limiting horizontal gene transfer and halting the spread of antibiotic resistance. The CRISPR-Cas system has been crucial in identifying and understanding resistance mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic approaches. This review article investigates the CRISPR-Cas system’s potential as a tool to combat bacterial AMR. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be targeted and eliminated by the CRISPR-Cas system. It has been proven to be an efficient method for removing carbapenem-resistant plasmids and regaining antibiotic susceptibility. The CRISPR-Cas system has enormous potential as a weapon against bacterial AMR. It precisely targets and eliminates antibiotic-resistant bacteria, facilitates resistance mechanism identification, and offers new possibilities in diagnostics and therapeutics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Muhammad Shahzad Rafiq & Haihong Hao

  2. Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad AbuBakar Shabbir

  3. Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Punjab, Pakistan

    Ahmed Raza & Shoaib Irshad

  4. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

    Andleeb Asghar

  5. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Pet Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Kashif Maan

  6. Institute of Continuing Education and Extension, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

    Mushtaq Ahmed Gondal

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Financial support for this study was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32172914), the National Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2021YFD1800600), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2662022DKYJC005).

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Shahzad Rafiq contributed to the original conceptualization and initial draft of the manuscript. Muhammad AbuBakr Shabbir, Ahmed Raza, Shoaib Irshad, Andleeb Asghar, Muhammad Kashif Maan, and Mushtaq Ahmed Gondal carried out the review, editing, and validation tasks. Haihong Hao played a role in the article's conceptualization, review, editing, and supervision. All the authors have thoroughly read and unanimously agreed to the final version of the published manuscript.

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Rafiq, M., Shabbir, M.A., Raza, A. et al. CRISPR-Cas System: A New Dawn to Combat Antibiotic Resistance. BioDrugs 38, 387–404 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40259-024-00656-3

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