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Carbide Precipitation in Austenite of a Titanium-Tungsten-Bearing Low-Carbon Steel

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) Aims and scope

Abstract

In this study, the carbide precipitation at 925 °C in austenite (γ) of a 0.04C–1.5Mn–0.10Ti–0.39 W (wt%) low-carbon steel was investigated by stress relaxation (SR) high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. First-principles calculations were employed to reveal the precipitation mechanism. Results indicate that a high dispersion of W- and Fe-rich MC-type ultrafine carbides (< 10 nm) forms during the very early stage prior to the onset of precipitation determined by SR. These ultrafine carbides possess a B1-crystal structure with a lattice parameter of 3.696 Å, which is quite close to that of γ (3.56 Å). It can significantly decrease the misfit of carbide/γ interface with a cube-on-cube relationship, thus assisting the carbide nucleation. As the time prolongs, a few spherical or polygonal Ti-rich (Ti, W)C particles (18–60 nm) are formed at the expense of the ultrafine carbides by nucleation and growth on them. These (Ti, W)C particles are identified with a “core–shell” structure (Ti-rich core and Ti, W-rich shell), which leads to a better-coarsening resistance compared with pure TiC in Ti steel. Calculation results show that the composition and structure of carbides at certain stage are closely related to a combined effect of W, Fe, and Ti atoms together with interstitial vacancies.

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The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also form part of an ongoing study.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52001084), the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, the Central University Foundation of Harbin Engineering University (No. GK2100260329) and the Jian-Hua Research Foundation of Hebei University of Technology (Nos. HB1921 and HB1920). The authors also would like to thank Dr. Yongjie Zhang from Tohoku University for his help in terms of the data analysis of atom probe tomography measurement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China

    Yanyuan Zhou, Zhenqiang Wang & Fengchun Jiang

  2. National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming for Metallic Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China

    Haokai Dong

Authors
  1. Yanyuan Zhou
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  2. Zhenqiang Wang
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  3. Haokai Dong
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  4. Fengchun Jiang
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Correspondence to Zhenqiang Wang or Haokai Dong.

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Zhou, Y., Wang, Z., Dong, H. et al. Carbide Precipitation in Austenite of a Titanium-Tungsten-Bearing Low-Carbon Steel. Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 35, 1090–1102 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-021-01344-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-021-01344-9

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