Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Unified theory of thermionic and field emission for two-dimensional conducting materials

  • Original Paper - Condensed Matter
  • Published:
Journal of the Korean Physical Society Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The unified current density for thermionic emission and field emission is derived in two-dimensional materials. Thermal radiation is investigated in two dimensions. The thermionic emission is studied in two dimensions and the field emission is also studied for two-dimensional materials. The unified theory of thermionic emission and field emission is studied in two-dimensional conductors. The two-dimensional current density is presented in terms of temperature and in terms of electric field for different work functions. The two-dimensional current density of graphene is expressed in terms of temperature and also in terms of electric field for different temperatures. Generalized three-dimensional current density is also derived and presented in terms of temperature and in terms of electric field for different work functions. The current densities of the thermionic emission in two dimensions and three dimensions are compared as a function of temperature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. O.W. Richardson, Proc. Camb. Philos Soc. 11, 286 (1901)

    Google Scholar 

  2. R.H. Fowler, L.W. Nordheim, Proc. R. Soc. A 119, 173 (1928)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. P.T. Landsberg, A. De Vos, J. Phys. A Math. Gen. 22, 1073 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Kim, W.K. Kim, G.T. Park, I. Shin, S. Choi, D.O. Jeon, Infrared Phys. Technol. 67, 600 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. R. Gomer, Field Emission and Field Ionization (Harvard University Press, Boston, 1961)

    Google Scholar 

  6. C. Hernandez-Garcia, P.G. O’Shea, M.L. Stutzman, Phys. Today 61, 44 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. H.A. Schwettmant, J.P. Turneaure, R.F. Waites, Appl. Phys. 45, 914 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. U. Klein, J.P. Turneaure, IEEE Trans. Magn. 19, 1330 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. D. Moffat, P. Barnes, T. Flynn, J. Graber, L. Hand, W. Hartung, T. Hayes, J. Kirchgessner, J. Knobloch, R. Noer, H. Padamsee, D. Rubin, J. Sears, in Proceedings of 5th International Conference RF Superconductivity (SRF'91), SRF91D02, p. 245 (1991)

  10. H. Sakai, E. Cenni, K. Enami, T. Furuya, M. Sawamura, K. Shinoe, K. Umemori, Phys. Rev. Accel. 22, 022002 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. H. Kim, S.J. Yu, J. Inform. Display 10, 158 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. H. Kim, S. Chu, Y.H. Lee, Size effect of two-dimensional thermal radiation. Phys. Lett. A 375, 2661 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. X. Wei, Q. Chen, L. Peng, AIP Adv. 3, 042130 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Y.S. Ang, H.Y. Yang, L.K. Ang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 056802 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. H. Kim, J.K. Lee, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 74, 701 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. W.A. de Heer, A. Chatelain, D. Ugarte, Science 290, 1179 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. J.M. Bonard, H. Kind, T. Stockli, L.O. Nilsson, Solid State Electron. 45, 893 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. V. Chouhan, T. Noguchi, S. Kato, Appl. Phys. 119, 134303 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. H. Kim, J.K. Lee, C.S. Park, J Korean Phys. Soc. 79, 363 (2021)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2021R1A6A3A01086634).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rare Isotope Science Project, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34000, Korea

    Heetae Kim

  2. Department of Accelerator Science, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, 30019, Korea

    Sangbeen Lee

Authors
  1. Heetae Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sangbeen Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Heetae Kim or Sangbeen Lee.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, H., Lee, S. Unified theory of thermionic and field emission for two-dimensional conducting materials. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 80, 167–174 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40042-021-00381-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40042-021-00381-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation