Abstract
Present study establishes an eco-friendly and easy to scale up methodology for degrading Disperse Red 167 being discharged from textile industry effluents in India. In this study, monthly wastewater samples were collected and analysed for naturally occurring bacteria. Selected bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Paenochrobactrum glaciei, Brevibacillus panacihumi, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sphaericus, Paenibacillus pocheonensis and Escherichia coli) were isolated and selected to assess their biodegradation capability on Disperse Red 167 dye. Biodegradation study was conducted in the laboratory by preparing three different concentrations of Disperse Red 167 dye (50, 100 and 150 mg/l) and treating each of the seven bacteria in three replicates for a period of 24 h. Results of this study indicated that Paenochrobactrum glaciei showed the best biodegradation and decolourisation potential of 84% at a concentration of 50 mg/l (84.80 ± 0.34% within 24 h). Also, (GC–MS) analysis was conducted to delineate the biodegradation pathway of the dye and it was found that two intermediate metabolites, namely ‘2-chloro-4-nitro-phenylamine’ and ‘Acetic acid2-[(2-acetoxy-ethyl)-(4-amino-3-propionylamino-phenyl)-amino]-ethylester’, were formed as a result of asymmetric breakdown of the azo bond of Disperse Red 167 dye. These two metabolites were further tested for their phytotoxicity on ‘Triticum aestivum’ wheat seed germination, and it was confirmed that these two metabolites are of non-toxic nature. The results of study clearly indicate that naturally occurring bacteria in wastewater streams have the potential to treat textile industry wastewater containing ‘Disperse Red 167 dye’ and minimize the risk on the aquatic living environments in water bodies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abadulla E, Tzanov T, Costa S, Robra KH, Cavaco-Paulo A, Gubitz GM (2000) Decolorization and detoxification of textile dyes with a laccase from Trameteshirsuta. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:3357–3362
Bhatia D, Sharma NR, Singh J, Kanwar RS (2017) Biological methods for textile dye removal from wastewater: a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 47:1836–1876
Bhatia D, Sharma NR, Kanwar R, Singh J (2018) Physicochemical assessment of industrial textile effluents of Punjab (India). Appl Water Sci 8:83
Binupriya AR, Sathishkumar M, Ku CS, Yun SI (2010) Sequestration of Reactive Blue 4 by free and immobilized Bacillus subtilis cells and its extracellular polysaccharides. Colloids Surf B 76(1):179–185
Chacko JT, Subramaniam K (2011) Enzymatic degradation of azo dyes-a review. Int J Environ Sci 1:1250
Chaieb K, Hagar M, Radwan NR (2016) Biodegradation and decolorization of azo dyes by adherent Staphylococcus lentus strain. Appl Biol Chem 59:405–413
Chakraborty S, Basak B, Dutta S, Bhunia B, Dey A (2013) Decolorization and biodegradation of congo red dye by a novel white rot fungus Alternaria alternata CMERI F6. Bioresour Technol 147:662–666
Chen KC, Wu JY, Liou DJ, Hwang SCJ (2003) Decolorization of the textile dyes by newly isolated bacterial strains. J Biotechnol 101:57–68
Dawkar VV, Jadhav UU, Jadhav SU, Govindwar SP (2008) Biodegradation of disperse textile dye Brown 3REL by newly isolated Bacillus sp.VUS. J Appl Microbiol 105:14–24
Desai C (1992) Ecological and toxicological properties of dyestuffs. Colourage 39:51–51
Durve AA, Arvind R, Naphade SR (2012) Decolourisation of Textile Dyes and Biological stains by Bacterial strains isolated from Industrial effluents. Adv Appl Sci Res 3:2660–2671
Dwivedi P, Tomar RS (2018) Bioremediation of textile effluent for degradation and decolourization of synthetic dyes: a review. Int J Curr Res Life Sci 7:1948–1951
El-Kassas HI, Azab MS, El-Nikheli AH, El-Salawy MM (2004) Removal of Cu, Zn and Cr from polluted water using some agriculture wastes. J Environ Sci 8:1293–1322
Fernandes FH, Bustos-Obregon E, Salvadori DMF (2015) Disperse Red 1 (textile dye) induces cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in mouse germ cells. Reproductive Toxicol 53:75–81
Gan L, Cheng Y, Palanisami T, Chen Z, Megharaj M, Naidu R (2014) Pathways of reductive degradation of crystal violet in wastewater using free-strain Burkholderia vietnamiensis C09V. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:10339–10348
Garg SK, Tripathi M (2013) Process parameters for decolorization and biodegradation of orange II (Acid Orange 7) in dye-simulated minimal salt medium and subsequent textile effluent treatment by Bacillus cereus (MTCC 9777) RMLAU1. Environ Monit Assess 185:8909–8923
Guo H, Zheng B, Jiang D, Qin W (2017) Overexpression of a laccase with dye decolorization activity from Bacillus sp. induced in Escherichia coli. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 27:217–227
Jadhav SU, Kalme SD, Govindwar SP (2008) Biodegradation of methyl red by Galactomyces geotrichum MTCC 1360. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 62:135–142
Jadhav SU, Ghodake GS, Telke AA, Tamboli DP, Govindwar SP (2009) Degradation and detoxification of disperse dye Scarlet RR by GalactomycesgeotrichumMTCC 1360. J Microbiol Biotechnol 19:409–415
Jain K, Shah V, Chapla D, Madamwar D (2012) Decolorization and degradation of azo dye–Reactive Violet 5R by an acclimatized indigenous bacterial mixed cultures-SB4 isolated from anthropogenic dye contaminated soil. J Hazard Mater 213:378–386
Junghanns C, Krauss G, Schlosser D (2008) Potential of aquatic fungi derived from diverse freshwater environments to decolorize synthetic azo and anthraquinone dyes. Bioresour Technol 99:1225–1235
Kalme SD, Parshetti GK, Jadhav SU, Govindwar SP (2007) Biodegradation of benzidine based dye Direct Blue-6 by Pseudomonas desmolyticumNCIM 2112. Bioresour Technol 98:1405–1410
Kalyani DC, Patil PS, Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP (2008) Biodegradation of reactive textile dye Red BLI by an isolated bacterium Pseudomonas sp. SUK1. Bioresour. Technol. 99(11):4635–4641
Khalid A, Arshad M, Crowley DE (2008) Accelerated decolorization of structurally different azo dyes by newly isolated bacterial strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 78:361–369
Khandare RV, Kabra AN, Kadam AA, Govindwar SP (2013) Treatment of dye containing wastewaters by a developed lab scale phytoreactor and enhancement of its efficacy by bacterial augmentation. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 78:89–97
Krishnamoorthy R, Jose PA, Ranjith M, Anandham R, Suganya K, Prabhakaran J, Kumutha K (2018) Decolourisation and degradation of azo dyes by mixed fungal culture consisted of Dichotomomyces cejpii MRCH 1–2 and Phoma tropica MRCH 1–3. J Environ Chem Eng 6(1):588–595
Kumari L, Tiwary D, Mishra PK (2016) Biodegradation of CI Acid Red 1 by indigenous bacteria Stenotrophomonas sp BHUSSp. X2 isolated from dye contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:4054–4062
Kurade MB, Waghmode TR, Kabra AN, Govindwar SP (2013) Degradation of a xenobiotic textile dye, Disperse Brown 118, by Brevibacilluslaterosporus. Biotechnol Lett 35:1593–1598
Lade HS, Waghmode TR, Kadam AA, Govindwar SP (2012) Enhanced biodegradation and detoxification of disperse azo dye Rubine GFL and textile industry effluent by defined fungal-bacterial consortium. Int Biodeterior Biodegr 72:94–107
Lade H, Kadam A, Paul D, Govindwar S (2015) Biodegradation and detoxification of textile azo dyes by bacterial consortium under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes. EXCLI J 14:158
Lemlikchi W, Khaldi S, Mecherri MO, Lounici H, Drouiche N (2012) Degradation of disperse red 167 azo dye by bipolar electrocoagulation. Sep Sci Technol 47:1682–1688
Mabrouk ME, Yusef HH (2008) Decolorization of fast red by Bacillus subtilis HM. J Appl Sci Res 4(3):262–269
Madhusudhana N, Yogendra K, Mahadevan KM, Naik S (2011) Photocatalytic degradation of Coralene Dark Red 2B azo dye using calcium zincate nanoparticle in presence of natural sunlight: an aid to environmental remediation. Int J Chem Eng Appl 2:294–298
More SS, Renuka PS, Malini S (2011) Isolation, purification, and characterization of fungal laccase from Pleurotus sp. Enzyme Res 2011:1–7
Nachiyar CV, Rajakumar GS (2005) Purification and characterization of an oxygen insensitive azoreductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Enzyme Microb Technol 36:503–509
Naresh B, Preethi C, Sneha S, Bhagyashree R, Parizad P (2013) Microbial decolorization of disperse textile dye brown 21 by Enterobacter gergoviae isolated from textile effluent. Int J Environ Resour Res 2:31–36
Novotny C, Svobodova K, Kasinath A, Erbanova P (2004) Biodegradation of synthetic dyes by Irpexlacteus under various growth conditions. Int Biodeterior Biodegr 54(2–3):215–223
Ogugbue CJ, Sawidis T (2011) Assessment of Bioelimination and detoxification of phenothiazine dye by Bacillus firmus in synthetic wastewater under high salt conditions. J Appl Sci 11:2886–2897
Ogugbue CJ, Sawidis T, Oranusi NA (2012) Bioremoval of chemically different synthetic dyes by Aeromonas hydrophila in simulated wastewater containing dyeing auxiliaries. Ann Microbiol 62:1141–1153
Ponraj M, Gokila K, Zambare V (2011) Bacterial decolorization of textile dye-Orange 3R. Int J Adv Biotechnol Res 2:168–177
PPCB, 2010. Action Plan for Abatement of Pollution in Critically Polluted Area of Ludhiana City.Available at: http://cpcb.nic.in/displaypdf.php?id=THVkaGl5YW5hLnBkZg.
Saini RD (2018) Synthetic Textile Dyes: Constitution, Dying process and Environmental Impacts. Cellulose 70:5–30
Saranraj P, Sivasakthivelan P (2014) Prevalence of bacterial isolates in textile dye effluent and analysis of its dye degrading efficiency. Middle East J Sci Res 21:721–725
Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Kalyani DC, Chang JS, Govindwar SP (2009) Enhanced decolorization and biodegradation of textile azo dye Scarlet R by using developed microbial consortium-GR. Bioresour Technol 100:2493–2500
Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Chang JS, Govindwar SP (2010) Decolorization and biodegradation of reactive dyes and dye wastewater by a developed bacterial consortium. Biodegradation 21:999–1015
Shah MP (2014) Biodegradation of azo dyes by three isolated bacterial strains: an environmental bioremedial approach. J Microb Biochem Technol 3:871
Sharma NR, Arora LA (2013) Optimization and Mycoremediation of BrilliantBlue by Fungus Collected from Nerium oleander, Mangiferaindica, Azadirachtaindica, Morusnigraand Psidium guajava. J Pure Appl Microbio 8:1
Sharma DK, Saini HS, Singh M, Chimni SS, Chadha BS (2004) Biotreatment of simulated textile dye effluent containing malachite green by an up-flow immobilized cell bioreactor. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 20:431–434
Silva-Stenico ME, Vieira FD, Genuario DB, Silva CS, Moraes LAB, Fiore MF (2012) Decolorization of textile dyes by cyanobacteria. J Brazil Chem Soc 23:1863–1870
Singh AL, Chaudhary S, Kayastha AM, Yadav A (2015) Decolorization and degradation of textile effluent with the help of Enterobacter asburiae. Ind J Biotechnol 14:101–106
Telke A, Kalyani D, Jadhav J, Govindwar S (2008) Kinetics and Mechanism of Reactive Red 141 Degradation by a Bacterial Isolate Rhizobium radiobacter MTCC 8161. Acta Chim Slov 55:320–329
Telke AA, Joshi SM, Jadhav SU, Tamboli DP, Govindwar SP (2010) Decolorization and detoxification of Congo red and textile industry effluent by an isolated bacterium Pseudomonas sp. SU-EBT Biodegradation 21:283–296
Vijayaraghavan K, Yun YS (2007) Utilization of fermentation waste (Corynebacterium glutamicum) for biosorption of Reactive Black 5 from aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 141(1):45–52
Waghmode TR, Kurade MB, Kagalkar AN, Govindwar SP (2012) Differential fate of metabolism of a disperse dye by microorganisms Galactomyces geotrichum and Brevibacillus laterosporus and their consortium GG-BL. J Environ Sci 24:1295–1304
Wang H, Su JQ, Zheng XW, Tian Y, Xiong XJ, Zheng TL (2009) Bacterial decolorization and degradation of the reactive dye Reactive Red 180 by Citrobacter sp. CK3. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 63(4):395–399
Yang X, Zheng J, Lu Y, Jia R (2016) Degradation and detoxification of the triphenylmethane dye malachite green catalyzed by crude manganese peroxidase from Irpexlacteus F17. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:9585–9597
Zhang C, Chen H, Xue G, Liu Y, Chen S, Jia C (2021) A critical review of the aniline transformation fate in azo dye wastewater treatment. J Clean Prod 61:128971
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by an IC-IMPACT, DBT funded Grant, BT/IN/IC-IMPACTS/31/RK/2015-16, provided by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India to the School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this research article.
Additional information
Editorial responsibility: Maryam Shabani.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bhatia, D., Kanwar, R.S., Singh, J. et al. Degradation and decolorization of Disperse red 167 dye with an in-situ isolated azo-reductase enzyme producing bacterium Paenochrobactrum glaciei. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 2389–2404 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04163-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04163-2