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Hexavalent chromium accumulation kinetics and physiological responses exhibited by Eichhornia sp. and Pistia sp.

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Abstract

In the present study, hexavalent chromium (5, 10 and 30 mg/L) phytoaccumulation by two free floating macrophytes, Eichhornia sp. and Pistia sp., was investigated in a greenhouse. The results revealed higher accumulation of chromium by Eichhornia sp. at 30 mg/L Cr solution. However, Pistia sp. showed highest accumulation at intermediate chromium solution of 10 mg/L. Pigment data indicated higher reduction of chlorophyll for Pistia sp. compared to Eichhornia sp. Both the tested species showed gradual reduction of both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b significantly with increasing metal concentration from 5 to 30 mg/L. However, chlorophyll stability index data indicated higher chlorophyll stability index at higher Cr concentrations in case of both the macrophytes. On the other hand, lipid peroxidation in the form of malondialdehyde concentration was observed to increase with increase in chromium load for both the tested species. Almost similar results were recorded in the enzyme analysis data. Study results revealed that all the studied enzymes are highly sensitive toward chromium. However, catalase activity showed the highest sensitivity. Chromium bioaccumulation kinetics study revealed that only Pistia sp. is more suited with pseudo-first-order (0.910) and pseudo-second-order (0.665) kinetics equation compared to Eichhornia sp. New root development was observed only for Eichhornia sp. during the third day of incubation. The wet biomass of both the macrophytes showed gradual reduction in chromium solutions of increasing concentrations. Therefore, it may be concluded that Eichhornia sp. and Pistia sp. may be effectively used in remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated aquatic bodies.

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Abbreviations

CSI:

Chlorophyll stability index

Chl:

Chlorophyll

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

CAT:

Catalase

POD:

Peroxidase

AAO:

Ascorbic acid oxidase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

LED:

Light emitting diodes

TBA:

Thiobarbituric acid

AAS:

Atomic absorption spectrometry

DW:

Dry weight

FW:

Fresh weight

RGR:

Relative growth rate

EC:

Enzyme commission

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

DMRT:

Duncan’s multiple range test

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Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to all faculty members and non-teaching staff of the Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India, for providing infrastructural facilities and active moral support toward completion of this work.

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  1. Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India

    N. K. Mondal & P. Nayek

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Mondal, N.K., Nayek, P. Hexavalent chromium accumulation kinetics and physiological responses exhibited by Eichhornia sp. and Pistia sp.. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 17, 1397–1410 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02418-z

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