Abstract
Entomological surveillance is very important for parasite and arbovirus vector control programs. Light traps with incandescent bulbs are used to attract insects and analyze the factors that contribute to the occurrence of species surrounding an environmental protection zone. Phlebotomine and mosquito abundance and their diversity were analyzed. Captures occurred monthly using six CDC light traps with two incandescent bulbs, two blue and two red LED lights. A total of 2211 phlebotomines of seven species and 4486 mosquitoes belonging to 20 taxa were captured. Different phlebotomine and mosquito species were found in the forest and peridomestic environments, with a predominance of the sand fly Evandromyia walkeri (Newstead) and the mosquito Coquillettidia venezuelensis (Theobald). There was a significant difference in the abundance of sand flies captured with the three bulbs tested, the blue bulb being the most efficient. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index showed that the trap equipped with a red LED light obtained a higher value than that of the blue LED and incandescent bulb. Analyses showed that the potential vectors and non-vectors of the two groups circulate between the forest and the peridomestic environment, suggesting an adaptation process of species to the altered environment. An incandescent light bulb can be substituted by an LED bulb, without compromising the sensitivity of the method. A blue LED is indicated for the abundant capture of mosquitoes and sand flies, while a red LED obtains a better result in terms of species diversity per capture.
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Acknowledgments
We thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for the funding, the inhabitants of the Campina settlement in Extremoz Rio Grande do Norte (RN) state, and residents of the community of Gramorezinho em Natal, RN, for their help in field activities.
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This work was funded by CAPES/MEC; CNPq/MCTI Decit/SCTIE/MoH (Project 440638/2016-0).
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Marcel Miranda de Medeiros Silva and Maria de Fátima Freire de Melo Ximenes conceived the investigation. Marcel Miranda de Medeiros Silva, Cássio Lázaro Silva Inácio, and Marcos Paulo Gomes Pinheiro developed field and laboratory activities. Maria de Fátima Freire de Melo Ximenes provided supervision and assisted with analysis and writing the manuscript. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Marcel Miranda de Medeiros Silva and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Silva, M.M.M., Inácio, C.L.S., Pinheiro, M.P.G. et al. Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Surrounding an Environmental Protection Zone in the Metropolitan Region of Natal: Use of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Bulbs in Entomological Surveillance. Neotrop Entomol 49, 768–779 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-020-00802-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-020-00802-w