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Optimization of laccase production from Bacillus subtilis strain KSK02 utilizing bi-substrates and their reactive red-120 dye degradation potential

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Abstract

In this study, Bacillus subtilis strain KSK02 consumed waste groundnut shell and Borassus flabellifer fruit husk to produce laccase using solid-state fermentation (SSF) by response surface methodology-Box-Behnken design (BBD-RSM). In order to enhance the biodegradability of groundnut shell waste (GNSW) and Borassus flabellifer fruit husk waste (BFFHW), the alkaline pre-treatment of both of these waste products was explored in this work. The morphological changes induced by the pre-treatment of both the GNSW and the BFFHW were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The initial pH, incubation time, and concentrations of GNSW and BFFHW variables were designed for each fermentation condition of the B. subtilis strain KSK02 to enhance laccase production. B. subtilis strain KSK02 was able to produce a maximum production of amylase (423 U/mL) under optimal conditions during the fermentation process. These conditions included GNSW (2 g/L), BFEFBW (1.5 g/L), pH 7.0, and incubation time of 96 h. The maximum 89% decolorization was observed after 24 h of bacterial laccase treatment. The efficacy of the bacterial laccase in removing reactive red-120 (RR-120) from aqueous solutions using Vigna radiata seeds was demonstrated in the phytotoxic test. Molecular docking exhibited the binding affinity score of − 54.62 kcal/mol between the laccase-RR-120 dye complex. This study outlines statistically performed optimization approaches for improving bacterial laccase production, which resulted in a production system that is both high-yielding and cost-effective for a laccase with potential applications in textile color removal.

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The essential data supporting the reported results are contained in this study. All other data are available on request from the corresponding authors.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts & Science College (Autonomous), Kalipatti, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637 501, India

    Kandasamy Selvam, Chinnappan Sudhakar & Arunagiri Ragu Prasath

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Kandasamy Selvam—supervision, conceptualization, and writing; Chinnappan Sudhakar—methodology, resources, visualization, and writing; Arunagiri Ragu Prasath—investigation, methodology, and writing.

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Selvam, K., Sudhakar, C. & Prasath, A.R. Optimization of laccase production from Bacillus subtilis strain KSK02 utilizing bi-substrates and their reactive red-120 dye degradation potential. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05365-z

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