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Investigation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid adsorption and photo-Fenton degradation by nanomagnetite/calcium alginate composite based on Sargassum muticum brown algae

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Abstract

In the present work, three nano-solid samples were prepared, namely nanomagnetite (NG), calcium alginate (AG) based on Sargassum muticum brown algae, and nanomagnetite/calcium alginate (NGA) nanocomposite beads. These fabricated samples were characterized utilizing various physicochemical methods such as FTIR, zeta potential, TEM, SEM, XRD, DRS, N2 adsorption/desorption, and TGA. Adsorption and photo-Fenton degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide (2,4-D) were studied under different application conditions. It is found that the NGA composite is characterized by the presence of many chemical functional groups at its surface, pHPZC = 6.3, smaller average particle size (TEM particle size, 96 nm), smaller energy band gap (2.10 eV), a larger specific surface area (540.0 m2/g), mesoporosity (3.31 nm pore radius), and higher thermal stability. When comparing the results of adsorption and photo-Fenton processes for 2,4-D herbicide, NGA exhibited the maximum adsorption capacity (qm, 283.29 mg/L) after 10 h at 35 °C with favorable, spontaneous, physical adsorption, endothermic, and follows the PFO model according to thermodynamic and kinetic studies. The 2,4-D adsorption fits well with the Langmuir model with correlation coefficients (0.9774–0.9993). However, after 30 min of the photo-Fenton rection at 30 °C, 88.42% of the 2,4-D was totally degraded. 2,4-D undergoes a non-spontaneous, endothermic, and follows PFO photo-Fenton kinetic model. At lower concentrations (less than 30 mg/L) photo-Fenton degradation is a quick and easy method, whereas the adsorption process is favored for the elimination of the 2,4-D herbicide at its larger concentrations.

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    Laila M. Alshandoudi

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Alshandoudi, L.M. Investigation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid adsorption and photo-Fenton degradation by nanomagnetite/calcium alginate composite based on Sargassum muticum brown algae. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04745-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04745-1

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