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Efficient degradation of endocrine disruptor pesticides by biochar iron oxide-based nanocomposite: green synthesis, kinetics, and photoactivity

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Abstract  

Photocatalysis is considered a promising methodology for removing pesticides from wastewater, given its cost-effectiveness and environmental benignity. Pesticide toxicity and bioaccumulation have raised environmental issues, underlining the necessity for efficient removal techniques based on novel nanomaterials. Here, biochar (BC) supported α-FeOOH and β-FeOOH (BC@α-FeOOH, BC@β-FeOOH) nanocomposites were synthesized for the sequential photocatalytic degradation of Endosulfan (ES) and 4,4-DDD pesticides. Waste peels of citrus limetta converted into useful BC. Synthesized BC, BC@α-FeOOH, and BC@β-FeOOH nanocomposite characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. For the removal, sunlight-active BC@-FeOOH demonstrated exceptional efficacy in mineralizing pesticides at the ideal pollutant concentration (20 mgL−1). Maximum degradation achieved by biosynthesized BC@α-FeOOH (ES: 98%; 4,4-DDD: 92%) nanocomposite followed by BC@β-FeOOH (ES: 80%; DDD: 76%) supported their excellency attributed to the higher value of zeta potential (− 14.3 mV), enhanced surface area (40 m2g−1) and lower value (1.9 eV) of the band gap. The fast decline in pesticide concentration, followed by a gradual decrease, demonstrated first-order kinetics triggered by Langmuir adsorption. Scavenger analysis indicated the presence of O2, hydroxyl radicals, and holes responsible for pesticide degradation. Finally, hybrid BC@α-FeOOH and BC@β-FeOOH nanocomposites may be viable alternative catalysts for industrial applications due to their high surface activity, charge separation, stability, and reusability (n = 8).

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Funding

MR is grateful to DST-SERB, New Delhi (Sanction order no. SRG/2019/000114) and TEQIP-III, MNIT Jaipur, India, for the financial assistance. Keshu is thankful to Ministry of Education New Delhi for research fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Analytical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India

    Manviri Rani &  Keshu

  2. Nanomaterials Green Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, 144027, India

    Ankit,  Keshu & Uma Shanker

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  1. Manviri Rani
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  2. Ankit
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  3. Keshu
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  4. Uma Shanker
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Contributions

Manviri Rani: visualization, investigation, supervision. Keshu: data curation, software, validation writing—original article. Ankit: data curation experimental. Uma Shanker: supervision, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Manviri Rani or Uma Shanker.

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Rani, M., Ankit, Keshu et al. Efficient degradation of endocrine disruptor pesticides by biochar iron oxide-based nanocomposite: green synthesis, kinetics, and photoactivity. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04374-8

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