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Reactive extraction of butyric acid from effluent streams and fermentation broth by using tri-n-octyl amine in decanol/natural oils

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Abstract

In this work, the reactive extraction of butyric acid (BA) from very dilute aqueous solutions in effluent stream and fermentation broth by using tri-octyl amine (TOA) at different temperatures (298–318 K) in various diluents was investigated. To reduce the toxic effect of TOA and to avoid the harmful effect of decanol on the living microorganism in the bioreactor, nontoxic and green solvents, sunflower and soybean oils were tested as the diluents. The obtained \({K}_{D}^{dil}\) was 2.8–4.2 for decanol, 2.0–4.0 for sunflower oil and 1.3–3.8 for soybean oil. The extraction capacity of the solvents was decreased in the order of decanol > sunflower oil > soybean oil. In chemical extraction, the extraction efficiencies were 85–92% for decanol, 81–91% for sunflower oil and 78–89% soybean oil. The experimentally determined \({K}_{D}^{overall}\) was 4.8–9.5 for decanol, 4.6–8.8 for sunflower oil and 4.5–8.3 for soybean oil. In terms of distribution coefficient and extraction efficiency, decanol showed better recovery of BA than sunflower oil and soybean oil. Overall, the recovery efficiencies using both the edible oils were at per with decanol. Thus, edible oils are suggested to use in the biorefinery industries. The obtained \({\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{D}}^{\mathrm{chem}}/{\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{D}}^{\mathrm{phy}}\) greater than 1.0 has justified the use of TOA as the reactive extractant. The order of the complex concentration, \({\left[{\left(HA\right)}_{m}{S}_{n}\right]}_{org},\) in different diluents was decanol > sunflower oil > soybean oil. Other important parameters like acid extractant, free acid and dimer concentration at chemical equilibrium state were determined and analysed. The estimated enthalpy change due to mass transfer, \({\left(\Delta H\right)}^{mass tr},\) showed the easiest mixing of the phases in soybean oil. Reaction equilibrium constant, (\({{K}_{E}}_{(m:n)}\)), also followed the above trend of the effects of the diluents with highest for decanol (8.7–4347), intermediate for sunflower oil (6.6–3222) and lowest for soybean oil (5.5–2018). It also diminished with temperature.

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Abbreviations

\([S]\) :

Concentration of extractant (mol.L−1)

\([BH]\) :

Concentration of acid (mol.L−1)

\(\left[{B}^{-}\right]\) :

Concentration of butyrate ion (mol.L−1)

\(P\) :

Partition coefficient

\(D\) :

Dimer

\({K}_{D}\) :

Distribution coefficient (calculated in terms of mol/L)

\(E\) :

Extraction efficiency

\({K}_{E}\) :

Overall equilibrium complexation constant

\({K}_{BH}\) :

Dissociation constant of butyric acid

\(m\) :

Number of acid molecules

\(n\) :

Number of extractant molecules

\(Z\) :

Loading ratio

\({z}_{m}\) :

Modified loading ratio

μ:

Acid extractant by diluents alone

ν:

Diluents fraction

\(aq\) :

Aqueous solution

\(org\) :

Organic solution

\(exp\) :

Experimental value

\(\Delta H\) :

Enthalpy (KJ/mol)

\(\Delta S\) :

Entropy (J/mol.K)

\(0\) :

Initial concentration of butyric acid

\(tot\) :

Total concentration

\(free\) :

Free acid concentration

\(dil\) :

Diluent

\(che\) :

Chemical

\(overall\) :

Overall acid concentration or distribution coefficient

\(mod\) :

Model value

\(rxn\) :

Reaction

\(mass tr\) :

Mass transfer

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledged the NIT Rourkela for the infrastructural and analytical facilities.

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  1. National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India

    Sourav Mukherjee & Basudeb Munshi

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  1. Sourav Mukherjee
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Correspondence to Basudeb Munshi.

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Mukherjee, S., Munshi, B. Reactive extraction of butyric acid from effluent streams and fermentation broth by using tri-n-octyl amine in decanol/natural oils. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 3439–3451 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02504-2

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