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Reactive extraction of propionic acid by using tri-octyl amine in edible oils

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Abstract

Due to high demands for the production of propionic from fermentation broth, the reactive extraction of the acid using green and non-toxic and microorganism-friendly diluent instead of toxic and harmful conventional organic solvents is considered in this work over the temperature range of 298–318 K. Soybean oil and rice bran oils which reduce the toxic effect of the used reactive extractant tri-octyl amine (TOA) are used as the diluents. The achieved overall distribution coefficient and extraction efficiency are found higher in soybean oil (0.73, 42.25%, respectively) as compared to rice bran oil (0.66, 40.00%, respectively). Due to the low cost and microorganism-friendly nature, soybean and rice bran oils are anticipated to use in bio-refinery industries to recover propionic acid from fermentation broth. The estimated \({K}_{D}^{chem}/{K}_{D}^{phy}\) ratio greater than 1.0 shows that the extraction of the acid is dominated by the chemical extraction at the relatively higher initial concentration of TOA. The chemical reaction equilibrium constant, \({K}_{E(m:n)}\), and complexation stoichiometries \(m\) and \(n\) are determined by applying differential evaluation (DE) technique. \({K}_{E\left(m:n\right)}\) is found higher in the case of soybean oil. Despite the loading ratio Z < 0.5, \(m\) is found greater than 1.0. The concentration of the complex \({[{\left(HA\right)}_{m}{S}_{n}]}_{org}\) is higher in soybean oil than rice bran oil. The negative enthalpy change due to the complexation reaction shows that it is exothermic. The positive entropy changes due to only mass transfer direct to supply external energy to mix the studied immiscible phases.

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Abbreviations

\([S]\) :

Concentration of extractant (mol/Kg)

\([HA]\) :

concentration of acid (mol/Kg)

\(P\) :

Partition coefficient

\(D\) :

Dimerization constant

\({K}_{D}\) :

Distribution coefficient

\(\%E\) :

Extraction efficiency

\({K}_{E}\) :

Overall equilibrium complexation constant

\({K}_{HA}\) :

Dissociation constant of propionic acid

\(m\) :

Number of acid molecules

\(n\) :

Number of extractant molecules

\(Z\) :

Loading ratio

μ :

Acid extractant by diluents alone

ν :

Diluent fraction

\(aq\) :

Aqueous solution

\(org\) :

Organic solution

\(exp\) :

Experimental value

\(\Delta H\) :

Enthalpy (KJ/mol)

\(\Delta S\) :

Entropy (J/mol.K)

\(0\) :

Initial concentration of butyric acid

\(tot\) :

Total concentration

\(free\) :

Free acid concentration

\(dil\) :

Diluent

\(che\) :

Chemical

\(overall\) :

Overall acid concentration or distribution coefficient

\(mod\) :

Model value

\(rxn\) :

Reaction

\(mass tr\) :

Mass transfer

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the NIT Rourkela for infrastructural and analytical facilities.

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  1. National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India

    Sourav Mukherjee & Basudeb Munshi

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  1. Sourav Mukherjee
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All authors have participated in the (a) conception and design or analysis and interpretation of the data; (b) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and (c) approval of the final version.

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Correspondence to Basudeb Munshi.

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Mukherjee, S., Munshi, B. Reactive extraction of propionic acid by using tri-octyl amine in edible oils. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 8029–8039 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02883-6

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