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The Preparation of CaO Catalyst from Eggshells and Its Application in Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

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Abstract

This study aims to identify the capability of eggshells to act as catalysts in biodiesel production via the transesterification process. The source of calcium in eggshells is in the form of calcium carbonate. The eggshells undergo a drying process, followed by grinding and calcination at high temperatures to ensure that the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is fully converted into CaO, which makes it fit for use. The CaO catalyst was prepared from powdered eggshells via calcination at 900 °C for 3 h. The morphological characteristics of CaO were observed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results obtained show that 1 wt% of catalyst loading has the highest fatty acid methyl ester production compared to others. The outcomes show that the eggshells can be used on a large scale as catalysts to transform waste cooking oil into biodiesel, thereby cutting prices, boosting product yield and fuel characteristics of biodiesel concurrently.

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Acknowledgements

The success of this study is due to the support of the Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) and Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Malaysia. The financial support of the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Ref.: FRGS/1/2018/TK05/UPM/02/8) and (GP-IPB Vot no: 9671301) have also contributed to the success of this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Nur Afiqah Ali, Nozieana Khairuddin & Tengku Sharifah Marliza Tengku Azmi

  2. Institut Ekosains Borneo, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Nozieana Khairuddin

  3. Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak, 93350, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Md Bazlul Mobin Siddique

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  1. Nur Afiqah Ali
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Correspondence to Nozieana Khairuddin.

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Ali, N.A., Khairuddin, N., Tengku Azmi, T.S.M. et al. The Preparation of CaO Catalyst from Eggshells and Its Application in Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil. Arab J Sci Eng 48, 383–388 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07125-5

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