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Effect of Hardware Imperfections and Energy Scavenging Nonlinearity on Overlay Networks in \(\kappa -\mu \) Shadowed Fading

  • Research Article-Electrical Engineering
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Abstract

In overlay networks, the cognitive sender (\(CS \)) assists the primary transmitter (\(PT \)) by broadcasting the superposed signal composed of both cognitive and primary information with a higher priority for the primary information to ameliorate spectral efficiency. Such different information priorities also facilitate efficient successive interference cancellation (SIC) at corresponding receivers for better system performance. To further benefit \(CS \) beside licensed spectrum accessing permission, we assume transmission of \(CS \) solely with energy scavenged from \(PT \). Practically, energy scavenger has a nonlinear characteristic and circuit components almost suffer hardware imperfections. Further, path loss, shadowing, and fading are all present in practical wireless channels, which affect not only the scavenged energy but also the system performance. Consequently, this paper proposes a framework to analyze the performance metrics— outage probability and throughput—of overlay networks under realistic scenarios subject to hardware imperfections, energy scavenging nonlinearity, SIC-based signal detection, and versatile-and-general \(\kappa -\mu \) shadowed fading. This framework facilitates the system performance evaluation-and-comparison in essential specifications and serves well as a design instruction. Obtained results reveal that hardware imperfections affect the system performance more direly than energy scavenging nonlinearity does and the primary transmission performs considerably better than the secondary transmission irrespective of channel severities. Furthermore, the system performance can be adjusted and optimized versatilely by a multi-parameter set.

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Notes

  1. Phase 1 is reserved solely for \(CS \) to scavenge energy. Therefore, \(x_p\) is not the information bearing signal. Notwithstanding, to save notations without causing any confusion, this paper also implies \(x_p\) as the information bearing signal in Phase 2.

  2. This paper considers the case that \(CD \) carries out recovering \(x_s\) only if it has decoded precisely \(x_p\). The condition to ensure whether \(CD \) has recovered successfully \(x_p\) will be presented in the next section. Therefore, the residual interference left after suppressing \(x_p\) out of \(CD \)’s received signal is neglected.

  3. According to 3GPP LTE [50], the typical value of \(\phi \) falls in the range [0.08, 0.175]. This value is also named as the error vector magnitude.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), VNU-HCM for the support of time and facilities for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Toi Le-Thanh & Khuong Ho-Van

  2. Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Toi Le-Thanh & Khuong Ho-Van

  3. Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Toi Le-Thanh

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  1. Toi Le-Thanh
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Correspondence to Khuong Ho-Van.

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Le-Thanh, T., Ho-Van, K. Effect of Hardware Imperfections and Energy Scavenging Nonlinearity on Overlay Networks in \(\kappa -\mu \) Shadowed Fading. Arab J Sci Eng 47, 14601–14616 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-06890-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-06890-7

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