Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

An impedance-based structural health monitoring approach for looseness identification in bolted joint structure

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The task of structural safety has been always vital throughout the life span of a structure. The situation deteriorates, when it is subject to repeated loading as seen in cases of railway joints. Generally, the bolted joints are frequently used connections for mainteinance of structural integrity. The most common type of fault observed in bolted joints is looseness of the nuts and bolts which leads to a damaging change by contact pressure that may cause an untoward incident. To avoid such incidents, it is required to monitor the bolted joints very meticulously and regularly. This study presents an investigational work for the looseness assessment of bolted butt joint structure using glued piezoelectric transducer and the implementation of an analytical approach based on the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method. For the purpose of investigation, the experiments are being conducted in pristine condition of the structure, wherein the plate bars and girder beam are bolted with four similar bolts without being pressed adequately and no part of the joint is glued. The test measurement of undamaged state and loosed state has been conducted using impedance-based monitoring approach. To study the effectiveness of the proposed method, an experimental investigation is conducted using the impedance chip AD5933 on a bolted joint structure. The results provide cogent indication about the use of piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate sensor based on EMI method for monitoring the status of the bolted joint structures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Liang C, Sun F, Rogers C (1994) An impedance method for dynamic analysis of active material systems. J Vib Acoust 116:120–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhao X, Gao H, Zhang G, Ayhan B, Yan F, Kwan C, Rose JL (2007) Active health monitoring of an aircraft wing with embedded piezoelectric sensor/actuator network: I. Defect detection, localization and growth monitoring. Smart Mater Struct 16:1208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Song G, Gu H, Mo Y, Hsu T, Dhonde H (2007) Concrete structural health monitoring using embedded piezoceramic transducers. Smart Mater Struct 16:959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Park G, Cudney HH, Inman DJ (2000) Impedance-based health monitoring of civil structural components. J Infrastruct Syst 6:153–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ciang CC, Lee J-R, Bang H-J (2008) Structural health monitoring for a wind turbine system: a review of damage detection methods. Meas Sci Technol 19:122001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Gonsalez CG, da Silva S, Brennan MJ, Junior VL (2015) Structural damage detection in an aeronautical panel using analysis of variance. Mech Syst Signal Process 52:206–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Rutherford AC, Park G, Farrar CR (2007) Non-linear feature identifications based on self-sensing impedance measurements for structural health assessment. Mech Syst Signal Process 21:322–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ritdumrongkul S, Fujino Y (2006) Identification of the location and level of damage in multiple-bolted-joint structures by PZT actuator-sensors. J Struct Eng 132:304–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Park G, Cudney HH, Inman DJ (2001) Feasibility of using impedance-based damage assessment for pipeline structures. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 30:1463–1474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Park G, Sohn H, Farrar CR, Inman DJ (2003) Overview of piezoelectric impedance-based health monitoring and path forward. Shock Vib Dig 35(6):451–454

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Park G, Rutherford AC, Sohn H, Farrar CR (2005) An outlier analysis framework for impedance-based structural health monitoring. J Sound Vib 286:229–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lim HJ, Kim MK, Sohn H, Park CY (2011) Impedance based damage detection under varying temperature and loading conditions. NDT E Int 44:740–750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Peairs DM, Park G, Inman DJ (2004) Improving accessibility of the impedance-based structural health monitoring method. J Intell Mater Syst Struct 15:129–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bhalla S, Gupta A, Bansal S, Garg T (2009) Ultra low-cost adaptations of electro-mechanical impedance technique for structural health monitoring. J Intell Mater Syst Struct 20:991–999

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Xu B, Giurgiutiu V (2005) A low-cost and field portable electromechanical (E/M) impedance analyzer for active structural health monitoring. DTIC Document 2005

  16. Baptista FG, Vieira Filho J (2009) A new impedance measurement system for PZT-based structural health monitoring. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 58:3602–3608

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kim J, Grisso BL, Ha DS, Inman DJ (2007) A system-on-board approach for impedance-based structural health monitoring. In: The 14th International Symposium on: Smart Structures and Materials & Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, pp 65290O–65290O-9

  18. Zhang C, Yu X, Alexander L, Zhang Y, Rajamani R, Garg N (2016) Piezoelectric active sensing system for crack detection in concrete structure. J Civil Struct Health Monit 6:129–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Yang J, Chang F-K (2006) Detection of bolt loosening in C-C composite thermal protection panels: II. Experimental verification. Smart Mater Struct 15:591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang T, Song G, Wang Z, Li Y (2013) Proof-of-concept study of monitoring bolt connection status using a piezoelectric based active sensing method. Smart Mater Struct 22:087001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Tao W, Shaopeng L, Junhua S, Yourong L (2016) Health monitoring of bolted joints using the time reversal method and piezoelectric transducers. Smart Mater Struct 25:025010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang T, Song G, Liu S, Li Y, Xiao H (2013) Review of bolted connection monitoring. Int J Distrib Sens Netw 9:871213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Park S-H, Yun C-B, Roh Y (2005) PZT-induced Lamb waves and pattern recognitions for on-line health monitoring of jointed steel plates. Smart Struct Mater Sens Smart Struct Technol Civil Mech Aerosp Syst 2005:364–376

    Google Scholar 

  24. Yang B, Xuan F-Z, Xiang Y, Li D, Zhu W, Tang X, Xu J, Yang K, Luo C (2017) Lamb wave-based structural health monitoring on composite bolted joints under tensile load. Materials 10:652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Nguyen KD, Lee SY, Lee PY, Kim JT (2011) Wireless SHM for bolted connections via multiple PZT-interfaces and Imote2-platformed impedance sensor node. Dalian China, pp. 25–26

  26. Park S, Lee J-J, Yun C-B, Inman DJ (2008) Electro-mechanical impedance-based wireless structural health monitoring using PCA-data compression and k-means clustering algorithms. J Intell Mater Syst Struct 19:509–520

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Parvasi SM, Ho SCM, Kong Q, Mousavi R, Song G (2016) Real time bolt preload monitoring using piezoceramic transducers and time reversal technique—a numerical study with experimental verification. Smart Mater Struct 25:085015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Na S, Lee H (2012) Resonant frequency range utilized electro-mechanical impedance method for damage detection performance enhancement on composite structures. Compos Struct 94:2383–2389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Taylor SG, Farinholt KM, Park G, Todd MD, Farrar CR (2010) Multi-scale wireless sensor node for health monitoring of civil infrastructure and mechanical systems. Smart Struct Syst 6:661–673

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Yang J (2017) Electro-mechanical impedance based position identification of bolt loosening using LibSVM. Intell Autom Soft Comput, pp 1–7

  31. Yan S, Liu W, Song G, Zhao P, Zhang S (2018) Connection looseness detection of steel grid structures using piezoceramic transducers. Int J Distrib Sens Netw 14:1550147718759234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Budoya DE, Baptista FG (2018) A comparative study of impedance measurement techniques for structural health monitoring applications. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 67:912–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Das S, Saha P, Patro S (2016) Vibration-based damage detection techniques used for health monitoring of structures: a review. J Civil Struct Health Monit 6:477–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Gulizzi V, Rizzo P, Milazzo A, Ribolla ELM (2015) An integrated structural health monitoring system based on electromechanical impedance and guided ultrasonic waves. J Civil Struct Health Monit 5:337–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Gulizzi V, Rizzo P, Milazzo A (2015) On the repeatability of electromechanical impedance for monitoring of bonded joints. AIAA J 53:3479–3483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Huo L, Chen D, Liang Y, Li H, Feng X, Song G (2017) Impedance based bolt pre-load monitoring using piezoceramic smart washer. Smart Mater Struct 26:057004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Wang B, Huo L, Chen D, Li W, Song G (2017) Impedance-based pre-stress monitoring of rock bolts using a piezoceramic-based smart washer—a feasibility study. Sensors 17:250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Neves A, González I, Leander J, Karoumi R (2017) Structural health monitoring of bridges: a model-free ANN-based approach to damage detection. J Civil Struct Health Monit 7:689–702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Brownjohn JM, De Stefano A, Xu Y-L, Wenzel H, Aktan AE (2011) Vibration-based monitoring of civil infrastructure: challenges and successes. J Civil Struct Health Monit 1:79–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Xu YL (2018) Making good use of structural health monitoring systems of long-span cable-supported bridges. J Civil Struct Health Monit, pp 1–21

  41. Li H, Ou J (2016) The state of the art in structural health monitoring of cable-stayed bridges. J Civil Struct Health Monit 6:43–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Devices A (1 April) 1 MSPS, 12 Bit ImpedanceConverter Network Analyzer. Available: http://www.analog.com/en/index.html

  43. Kaur N, Bhalla S, Shanker R, Panigrahi R (2016) Experimental evaluation of miniature impedance chip for structural health monitoring of prototype steel/RC structures. Exp Tech 40:981–992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Song H, Lim H, Sohn H (2013) Electromechanical impedance measurement from large structures using a dual piezoelectric transducer. J Sound Vib 332:6580–6595

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Fasel TR, Sohn H, Park G, Farrar CR (2005) Active sensing using impedance-based ARX models and extreme value statistics for damage detection. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 34:763–785

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Kaur N, Bhalla S, Shanker R, Panigrahi R (2015) Experimental evaluation of miniature impedance chip for structural health monitoring of prototype steel/RC structures. Exp Tech 40(3):981–992

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIO), Chandigarh for providing infrastructure to conduct the experiments. The first author is grateful to Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE), New Delhi for providing the fellowship also thankful to National Institute of Science and Technology, Berhampur for carrying out the research work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India

    S. K. Samantaray

  2. CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, 160030, India

    S. K. Samantaray, S. K. Mittal, P. Mahapatra & S. Kumar

Authors
  1. S. K. Samantaray
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. K. Mittal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. Mahapatra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Kumar.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Samantaray, S.K., Mittal, S.K., Mahapatra, P. et al. An impedance-based structural health monitoring approach for looseness identification in bolted joint structure. J Civil Struct Health Monit 8, 809–822 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13349-018-0307-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13349-018-0307-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation