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Cripto-1 expression and its prognostic value in human bladder cancer patients

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Tumor Biology

Abstract

Cripto-1 is an important embryonic gene that involved in self-renewal and maintenance of pluripotency of stem cells. Overexpression of Cripto-1 has been found to be correlated with tumorigenesis and may affect tumor recurrence and metastasis. The previous studies indicate that Cripto-1 might be a potential prognostic biomarker for several malignancies. The aim of this study is to examine Cripto-1 expression pattern and clinicopathological significance in human bladder cancer patients. We investigated Cripto-1 expression in 30 paired bladder cancer tissues and corresponding noncancerous bladder tissues using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Moreover, Cripto-1 expression in 130 bladder cancer specimens and bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cells were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays. The recurrence/metastasis-free survival was assessed by Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Cox regression was also used for univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors. The results showed that Cripto-1 expression is increased in bladder cancer tissues and is significantly associated with tumor size (P = 0.005) and tumor grade (P = 0.035). In addition, the expression level of Cripto-1 in bladder cancer was also found to be significantly associated with SRY-related HMG-box gene 2 expression (P = 0.003) and Ki-67 (P = 0.001). Compared with the patients with low Cripto-1 expression, the patients with high Cripto-1 expression had significantly poorer recurrence/metastasis-free survival (P = 0.011). Cox regression showed that Cripto-1 might be an independent prognostic factor for recurrence/metastasis-free survival (P = 0.036). Our findings suggest that high Cripto-1 expression might be involved in the development of bladder cancer and a potentially effective prognostic marker in bladder cancer patients.

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Acknowledgments

The work was supported by grants from the Key Program of Hospital Management Center, China (YGZ1105); Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Health Department, China (Q201207); Science and Technology Development Foundation of Wuxi, China (CSE01N1108); and Foundation of Nanjing Medical University, China (NJMU034).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China

    Bingbing Wei, Jun Ruan, Zhuoqun Xu, Ke Jin, Xing Huang, Peng Lu & Qiang Hu

  2. Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA

    Wei Jin

  3. Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland

    You Zhou

  4. Department of Pathology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China

    Jiabei Liang

  5. Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221000, China

    Huan Cheng

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  1. Bingbing Wei
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  2. Wei Jin
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Correspondence to Bingbing Wei or Zhuoqun Xu.

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Wei, B., Jin, W., Ruan, J. et al. Cripto-1 expression and its prognostic value in human bladder cancer patients. Tumor Biol. 36, 1105–1113 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2695-1

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