Abstract
This work engrosses the production and further chemical modifications of EPS produced by Lactobacillus plantarum BR2 and subsequent evaluation of their biological properties showed greater antioxidant properties for the derivatives compared to its native unmodified form. Of the three derivatives, acetylated EPS (a-EPS), carboxymethylated EPS (Cm-EPS), and sulphated EPS (s-EPS), a-EPS exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. At all tested concentrations, a-EPS showed higher scavenging activity, and a maximum activity of 73.81% at 2 mg/mL. Meanwhile, s-EPS showed the highest reducing power potential and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. At 2 mg/mL concentration, the order of reducing power was observed to be s-EPS (41.39%) > a-EPS (37.43%) > Cm-EPS (24.02) > BR2 control EPS (16%) and the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity for the s-EPS was 54.43%. The highest reducing power activity exhibited by s-EPS is 2.6-fold higher and a 1.5-fold increase in the scavenging activity of native BR2 EPS after the sulphonyl group addition was observed. The increase in these activities is due to the addition of various functional groups that contributes largely to the scavenging abilities of different free radicals. The s-EPS and Cm-EPS derivatives also exhibited increased cholesterol-lowering activity of 40 and 34.5%, respectively, than the native EPS. Interestingly, there were hardly any inhibitions on cell growth and viability of normal L929 fibroblast cell lines upon treatment with these EPSes. The improved antioxidant properties resulting from chemical modification opened better avenues for EPS application in the food and pharma sectors. Thus, the potentiality of chemically modified EPS may be explored further in the development of functional foods.
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Abbreviations
- EPS:
-
Exopolysaccharides
- LAB:
-
Lactic acid bacteria
- a-EPS:
-
Acetylated EPS
- Cm-EPS:
-
Carboxymethylated EPS
- s-EPS:
-
Sulphated EPS
- DS:
-
Degree of substitution
- DMSO:
-
Dimethyl sulphoxide
- DPPH:
-
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
- H3PO4 :
-
Phosphoric acid
- SO3⋅Py:
-
Sulphur trioxide pyridine complex
- kDa:
-
Kilo dalton
- Vc:
-
Vitamin C equivalents
- CTAB:
-
Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
- nm:
-
Nanometer
- LD:
-
Lethal dose
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- HSR %:
-
Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity percentage
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Acknowledgements
Research fellowships from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India are greatly appreciated by Soumya MP and acknowledge Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad for the enrolment for doctoral program. Corresponding author acknowledges the grant from CSIR under FBR MLP0052. The authors sincerely acknowledge the technical help provided by Mr. Anoop Puthiyamadam and Ms Reeba Parameswaran of the MPTD Division, CSIR NIIST for the characterization and biochemical studies. ACCESSION No.: MN176402.
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The Funding was provided by CSIR New Delhi (Grant nos. MLP0052, SRF).
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MPS: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal experimental analysis, Investigation and Writing of the original draft manuscript. KMN: Provided general guidance on the content and made the critical reading and editing of the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Soumya, M.P., Nampoothiri, K.M. Evaluation of improved biological properties of chemically modified exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus plantarum BR2. 3 Biotech 13, 308 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-023-03718-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-023-03718-5