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Nutraceuticals and phytotherapeutics for holistic management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis” (ALS) is a progressive neuronal disorder that affects sensory neurons in the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of muscle control. Moreover, additional neuronal subgroups as well as glial cells such as microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes are also thought to play a role in the aetiology. The disease affects upper motor neurons and lowers motor neurons and leads to that either lead to muscle weakness and wasting in the arms, legs, trunk and periventricular area. Oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, programmed cell death, altered neurofilament activity, anomalies in neurotransmission, abnormal protein processing and deterioration, increased inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction may all play a role in the progression of ALS. There are presently hardly FDA-approved drugs used to treat ALS, and they are only beneficial in slowing the progression of the disease and enhancing functions in certain individuals with ALS, not really in curing or preventing the illness. These days, researchers focus on understanding the pathogenesis of the disease by targeting several mechanisms aiming to develop successful treatments for ALS. This review discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, clinical features, pathophysiology, and disease management. The compilation focuses on alternative methods for the management of symptoms of ALS with nutraceuticals and phytotherapeutics.

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Data availability statement

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.

Abbreviations

ALS:

Amyotropic lateral sclerosis

AMPA:

α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid

BBR:

Berberine

ChAT:

Choline acetyltransferase

CK:

Creatinkinase

CNS:

Central nervous system

CSA:

Chinese scalp acupuncture

DATS:

Diallyl trisulfide

DNA:

Deoxy ribonucleic acid

EGCG:

Epigallocatechin gallate

EMG:

Electromyography studies

FDA:

Food and drug administration

FVC:

Forced vital capacity

HupA:

Huperzine A

IBM:

Inclusion body myositis, S

Lf:

Lactoferrin

LMN:

Lower motor neurons

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MEP:

Motor evoked potentials

MN:

Spinal motoneuron,

MND:

Motor Neuron Disease

MPP:

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MSC:

Mesenchymal stromal cells

NAD:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

ND:

Neurodegenerative disease

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

NLRP3:

NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3

NMDA:

N-Methyl-D-aspartate

NR:

Nicotinamide riboside

PM:

Polymyositis

PT:

Pterostilbene

RBP:

RNA binding protein

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TMC:

N-Trimethylated chitosan

UMN:

Upper motor neurons

US:

United States

WFA:

Withaferin A

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The authors are highly grateful to the Director Dr. (Col.) A.Garg and Joint Director, Dr. Manoj Goel, KIET Group of Institutions for their motivation and all-round support.

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  1. KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201206, India

    Deepti Katiyar, Shipra Singhal, Priya Bansal, K. Nagarajan & Parul Grover

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Katiyar, D., Singhal, S., Bansal, P. et al. Nutraceuticals and phytotherapeutics for holistic management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 3 Biotech 13, 62 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-023-03475-5

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