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Solid-state fermentation of oil palm frond petiole for lignin peroxidase and xylanase-rich cocktail production

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Abstract

In current practice, oil palm frond leaflets and stems are re-used for soil nutrient recycling, while the petioles are typically burned. Frond petioles have high commercialization value, attributed to high lignocellulose fiber content and abundant of juice containing free reducing sugars. Pressed petiole fiber is the subject of interest in this study for the production of lignocellulolytic enzyme. The initial characterization showed the combination of 0.125 mm frond particle size and 60% moisture content provided a surface area of 42.3 m2/g, porosity of 12.8%, and density of 1.2 g/cm3, which facilitated fungal solid-state fermentation. Among the several species of Aspergillus and Trichoderma tested, Aspergillus awamori MMS4 yielded the highest xylanase (109 IU/g) and cellulase (12 IU/g), while Trichoderma virens UKM1 yielded the highest lignin peroxidase (222 IU/g). Crude enzyme cocktail also contained various sugar residues, mainly glucose and xylose (0.1–0.4 g/L), from the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose. FT-IR analysis of the fermented petioles observed reduction in cellulose crystallinity (I900/1098), cellulose–lignin (I900/1511), and lignin–hemicellulose (I1511/1738) linkages. The study demonstrated successful bioconversion of chemically untreated frond petioles into lignin peroxidase and xylanase-rich enzyme cocktail under SSF condition.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by Research University Grant (Q.J130000.2545.10H48) of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and MyBrain15—Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE). We thankfully acknowledge the valuable comments and suggestions of Professor Suraini Abdul Aziz (Universiti Putra Malaysia) and all members of the Environmental Biotechnology Research Group (EnVBiotech), as well as Resource Sustainability (Research Alliance), and the Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering of UTM for their continuous support.

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  1. Biorefinery Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Mohamed Roslan Mohamad Ikubar, Madihah Md. Salleh & Adibah Yahya

  2. Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Musaalbakri Abdul Manan

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  1. Mohamed Roslan Mohamad Ikubar
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  2. Musaalbakri Abdul Manan
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  3. Madihah Md. Salleh
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Correspondence to Adibah Yahya.

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Mohamad Ikubar, M.R., Abdul Manan, M., Md. Salleh, M. et al. Solid-state fermentation of oil palm frond petiole for lignin peroxidase and xylanase-rich cocktail production. 3 Biotech 8, 259 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1268-1

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