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Optimisation of multigrain seera from sorghum, green gram and finger millet: effect of ingredients on functional, structural and thermal properties

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Abstract

Seera, is a traditional Indian fermented food, has high carbohydrate and reducing sugar content, however, lacks functional components like antioxidant properties. The present study aims to optimize and evaluate the multigrain seera with added values. The optimization of seera was made using mixture design, with green gram (X1, 15–30%), sorghum (X2, 15–25%) and finger millet (X3, 5–10%) as independent variables. The responses checked were total phenolic content (Y1), protein content (Y2) and overall acceptability (Y3). The optimum run with green gram (25.58%), sorghum (15%) and finger millet (9.41%) resulted in TPC (1.2 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g), protein content (11.40 ± 0.10 g) with overall acceptability (8.32 ± 0.30). The optimized multigrain seera depicted higher fibre (4.23 ± 0.08%), ash (1.90 ± 1.1%) and protein (11.40 ± 0.10%) than the control seera. The rheological properties of seera depicted shear thinning and elastic behaviour. Texture profile analysis showed that cohesiveness (0.415 ± 0.01) increased significantly (along with decreased springiness (0.251). Morphology of seera showed broken and deformed starch granules with few cracks due to fermentation phenomena that leads to superficial corrosion.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to NIFTEM for providing the analysis facilities to carry out this research work. The authors are thankful to Central Instrumentation Facility, Aligarh Muslim University for SEM and XRD analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India

    Sameer Ahmad, Kulsum Jan & Khalid Bashir

  2. Department of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Gazia Nasir & Z. R. Azaz Ahmad Azad

  3. Centre for Food Research and Analysis, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, 131028, India

    Zober Alam Khan

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  1. Sameer Ahmad
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  2. Gazia Nasir
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  3. Z. R. Azaz Ahmad Azad
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  4. Zober Alam Khan
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  5. Kulsum Jan
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  6. Khalid Bashir
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Contributions

SA: Conceptualization; writing—original draft; editing. GN: Writing—review, editing. ZRAAA: Writing—review, analysis. ZAK: Editing, Analysis. KJ: Review; supervision; resource. KB: conceptualization; writing – original draft; review; editing; supervision; resource.

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Correspondence to Khalid Bashir.

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Ahmad, S., Nasir, G., Azad, Z.R.A.A. et al. Optimisation of multigrain seera from sorghum, green gram and finger millet: effect of ingredients on functional, structural and thermal properties. J Food Sci Technol 61, 471–480 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-023-05854-5

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