Abstract
Fish bones are the by-products of aquatic and fishery processing, which are often discarded. However, it has been considered having health-promoting by containing many essential nutrients. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effect of fish bone fermented by Monascus purpureus (FBF) and the NF-κB pathway regulation mechanism in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. FBF has inhibited the production of PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The FBF has significantly inhibited mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Moreover, FBF has suppressed activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B) by increasing IκB mRNA expression and reduced of p65, p50 mRNA expression, as well as nuclear NF-κB DNA binding activity in LPS-induced RAW 246.7 cells. These findings demonstrate that FBF has inhibited LPS-induced inflammation by subsiding the activation of NF-κB in RAW 246.7 cells, implying that FBF could be employed as a promising natural product.
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Abbreviations
- LPS:
-
Lipopolysaccharides
- iNOS:
-
Inducible nitric oxide synthase
- PGE2 :
-
Prostaglandin E2
- COX-2:
-
Cyclooxygenase-2
- IL-6:
-
Interleukin-6
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor-α
- NF-κB:
-
Nuclear factor kappa-B
- DMEM:
-
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
- PBS:
-
Phosphate-buffered saline
- MTT:
-
3-(4,5-Dimethyazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- Real-time PCR:
-
Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
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The authors are grateful to appreciate the invaluable support of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan in this study
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This study was funded with the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (grant number MOST 109-2622-E-992-028-).
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Conceptualization, Y-TC and S-LH; methodology, Y-TC; validation, Y-TC and S-JC; formal analysis, L-JY; investigation, Y-TC, S-JC and C-YH; resources, L-JY; data curation, Y-TC and S-LH; writing—original draft preparation, Y-TC; writing—review and editing, S-LH and R-RS; supervision, C-DD and S-LH; project administration, S-LH All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Chen, YT., Chen, SJ., Yin, LJ. et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of fish bone fermented using Monascus purpureus in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by regulating NF-κB pathway. J Food Sci Technol 60, 958–965 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-022-05413-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-022-05413-4