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Extraction, characterization and molecular structure of bovine skin gelatin extracted with plant enzymes bromelain and zingibain

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Abstract

Bovine skin was incubated with plant enzymes bromelain (B) and zingibain (Z) at the level of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 unit/g of skin and gelatin was extracted at 60 °C for 6 h. Control gelatin was extracted without enzymatic pretreatment. The yield and gel strength were 17.90% and 283.35 g for the control samples and 22.26% and 160.88 g for B20 samples. The zingibain extracted gelatin (GEZ) samples failed to form gel. Viscosities of GEZ gelatins were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the gelatins extracted using bromelain (GEB). β and α chains were absolutely degraded in all GEB and GEZ samples. Only smear bands were observed in GEZ gelatins whereas GEB samples revealed presence of low molecular weight polypeptides. Loss of molecular order was noticed in Z5 as elaborated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Larger particle size, denser and inter-connected irregular network was observed in B20 under scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results obtained, bromelain, particularly at level 20, could be used to obtain a better quality gelatin with higher yield compared to zingibain.

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Acknowledgements

The first author is obliged to ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) (Grant no. F. No. 29-1/2009-EQR/Edn (pt.III)), New Delhi, India for awarding ICAR-International Fellowship and Department of Agricultural Research & Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi for granting him permission to pursue Ph.D. in Malaysia. Biohawk, QLD, Australia is duly recognized for gifting enzyme zingibain. The research work was supported by Putra Grant (no. UPM/700-2/1/GP-IPS/2015/9467000) given by Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Malaysia

    Tanbir Ahmad, Leo Teik Kee & Awis Qurni Sazili

  2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Amin Ismail

  3. Faculty of Biotechnology and Molecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Siti Aqlima Ahmad

  4. Halal Products Research Institute, Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Amin Ismail & Awis Qurni Sazili

  5. Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Elmutaz Atta Awad & Awis Qurni Sazili

  6. Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Khalilah Abdul Khalil

  7. Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India

    Tanbir Ahmad

  8. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 16100, Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Elmutaz Atta Awad

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  1. Tanbir Ahmad
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  2. Amin Ismail
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  3. Siti Aqlima Ahmad
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  4. Khalilah Abdul Khalil
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  7. Awis Qurni Sazili
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Correspondence to Awis Qurni Sazili.

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Ahmad, T., Ismail, A., Ahmad, S.A. et al. Extraction, characterization and molecular structure of bovine skin gelatin extracted with plant enzymes bromelain and zingibain. J Food Sci Technol 57, 3772–3781 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04409-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04409-2

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