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Effect of nitrogen sources and neutralizing agents on D-lactic acid production from Kodo millet bran hydrolysate: comparative study and kinetic analysis

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Abstract

D-lactic acid (DLA) serves as a key monomer enhancing both the mechanical and thermal properties of Poly(lactic) acid films and coatings, extensively used in the food packaging industry. Economically viable production of optically pure DLA by Lactobacillus delbrueckii NBRC3202 was achieved using a low–cost carbon source, Kodo millet bran residue hydrolysate (KMBRH) and nitrogen source (casein enzyme hydrolysate (CEH) resulting in a high DLA yield of 0.99 g g−1 and KMBRH conversion to final product (95.3%). The optimum values for kinetic parameters viz., specific growth rate (0.11 h−1), yield coefficient of biomass on KMBRH (0.10 g g−1) and DLA productivity (0.45 g L−1 h−1) were achieved at 5 g L−1 of CEH dosage under controlled pH environment. A comparative study and kinetic analysis of different neutralizing agents (NaOH, NH3, CaCO3 and NaHCO3) under pH controlled environment for KMBRH based DLA production was addressed effectively through bioreactor scale experiments. Maximum cell concentration (1.29 g L−1) and DLA titer (45.08 g L−1) were observed with NH3 as a neutralizing agent. Kinetic analysis of DLA production under different neutralization agents demonstrated that the logistic derived model predicted biomass growth, KMBRH consumption and DLA production efficiently (R2 > 0.92).

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Abbreviations

ASTM:

American society for testing and materials

BE:

Beaf extract

BHI:

Brain heart infusion

CEH:

Casein enzyme hydrolysate

DLA:

D-(−)-lactic concentration (g L−1)

G :

KMBRH concentration (g L−1)

G 0 :

Initial KMBRH concentration (g L−1)

GAU:

Glucoamylase units

KMBR:

Kodo millet bran residue

KMBRH:

Kodo millet bran residue hydrolysate

LLA:

L-(+)-lactic acid

m G :

Maintenance coefficient (g g−1 h−1)

MRS:

deMan Rogosa Sharpe

MMRS:

Modified MRS

PDLA:

Poly D-(−)-lactic acid

PDLLA:

Poly DL lactic acid

PLA:

Poly lactic acid

PLLA:

Poly L-(+)-lactic acid

R 2 :

Correlation coefficient (dimensionless)

rDLA :

Volumetric DLA production rate (g L−1 h−1)

r G :

Volumetric KMBRH consumption rate (g L−1 h−1)

rX (vX):

Volumetric cell growth rate (g L−1 h−1)

SCADA:

Supervisory control and data acquisition

SP:

Soy peptone

t :

Time (h)

WPH:

Whey protein hydrolysate

X :

Cell concentration (g L−1)

X 0 :

Initial cell concentration (g L−1)

X m :

Maximum cell concentration at time (g.L−1)

YDLA/G :

Product yield on substrate consumed (g g−1)

YE:

Yeast extract

Y X/G :

Cell yield on KMBRH consumed (g g−1)

α DLA :

Luedeking–piret model growth associated constant for DLA (g g−1)

β DLA :

Luedeking–piret model non-growth associated constant for DLA (g g−1 h−1)

μ :

Specific growth rate (h−1)

Φ:

Sum of squared errors (dimensionless)

λ X :

Delayed time variable (Lag-time) of L. delbrueckii (h)

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Mr.Sudhan, AR Radhakrishnan and Co, Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India for providing us millet bran samples for carrying out the project. Authors thank Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology Management Board for their valuable support in successfully doing the project. Authors specially thank Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Guwahati for providing us the lab facility for successful completion of this study. Authors also acknowledge the encouragement and support rendered by Mr.Srikanth, Mr.Naresh and Mr.Ganesh.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, K.Vellakulam, Madurai District, 625701, Tamilnadu, India

    Rengesh Balakrishnan & Shyamkumar Rajaram

  2. BioPAT Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India

    Subbi Rami Reddy Tadi, Allampalli Satya Sai Pavan & Senthilkumar Sivaprakasam

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  1. Rengesh Balakrishnan
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  2. Subbi Rami Reddy Tadi
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  3. Allampalli Satya Sai Pavan
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  4. Senthilkumar Sivaprakasam
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  5. Shyamkumar Rajaram
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Correspondence to Senthilkumar Sivaprakasam or Shyamkumar Rajaram.

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Balakrishnan, R., Tadi, S.R.R., Pavan, A.S.S. et al. Effect of nitrogen sources and neutralizing agents on D-lactic acid production from Kodo millet bran hydrolysate: comparative study and kinetic analysis. J Food Sci Technol 57, 915–926 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04124-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04124-7

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