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The effect of mechanical processing on avenanthramide and phenol levels in two organically grown Italian oat cultivars

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Abstract

Avenanthramides (AVNs), free and bound phenols and their antioxidant capacities (ORAC) were evaluated in two Avena sativa L. cultivars, Donata and Flavia. The cultivars (cvs.) were grown in loamy and medium texture soils and assessed after industrial dehulling and milling. Total dietary fiber, β-glucan, starch and proteins were also evaluated. Cv. Donata showed 2.8 fold higher AVN storage as compared to cv. Flavia, which was linked with genotype. The accumulation of AVN content was also influenced by the texture of the soil. Dehulling resulted in a 75 and 37% AVN decrease in cv. Donata and Flavia, respectively. The dehulled grains of cv. Donata showed 40% reduction in free phenolic content, whereas the dehulled grains of both cvs. showed 67% reduction in bound phenols. Milling affected the bound phenolics and their antioxidant capacity. Cv. Flavia showed 1.3 fold higher β-glucan than that of cv. Donata. Total dietary fiber was reduced by 50 and 12% after dehulling and milling, respectively, while marginal changes in proteins were observed after milling. The results suggest that the choice of genotype and the kind of dehulling processes that are employed are essential considerations in the production of oat-based products with high AVN content and extra health benefits.

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Abbreviations

AVNs:

Avenanthramides

BPs:

Bound polyphenols

CAE:

Caffeic acid equivalents

cvs.:

Cultivars

d.w.:

Dry weight

EFSA:

European Food Safety Authority

FAE:

Ferulic acid equivalents

FPs:

Free polyphenols

ORAC:

Oxygen radical absorbance capacity

SD:

Standard deviation

TE:

Trolox equivalents

TPs:

Total polyphenols

Trolox:

6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman 2-carboxylic acid

2c:

N-(3,4-Dihydroxy)-(E)-cinnamoyl-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid

2p:

N-(4-Hydroxy)-(E)-cinnamoyl-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid)

2f:

N-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy)-(E)-cinnamoyl-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Dr. Francesco Torriani and Dr.ssa Germana Meliffi from the CERMIS Consortium Marche Bio and Terra Bio Soc., Schieti di Urbino (The Marches, Italy) for supplying oat samples; the Marches Region is acknowledged for financial support (Misura 1.2.4. “Cooperazione per lo sviluppo di nuovi prodotti, processi e tecnologie’’); Dr.ssa Daniela Sgrulletta from CRA-QCE for protein and fiber analysis; Dr. Simone Sartorelli from Lameri spa (Cremona, Italy) for dehulling and Massimo Fiorani from Prometeo srl (Urbino, Italy) for milling. The contributes of Mr. Timothy Bloom during the preparation of the English manuscript and of Dr. Michele Menotta for the statistic analysis were greatly appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, via A. Saffi 2, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy

    Elena Antonini, Giuseppe Diamantini & Paolino Ninfali

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  1. Elena Antonini
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  2. Giuseppe Diamantini
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  3. Paolino Ninfali
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Correspondence to Paolino Ninfali.

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Antonini, E., Diamantini, G. & Ninfali, P. The effect of mechanical processing on avenanthramide and phenol levels in two organically grown Italian oat cultivars. J Food Sci Technol 54, 2279–2287 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2665-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2665-x

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