Abstract
The Bethesda System for the Reporting of Thyroid Cytology recognises six diagnostic categories of thyroid nodule cytology with an incremental risk of malignancy. Although the Bethesda system created a much-needed handhold by standardising the cytological diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules worldwide, the system does not provide a clear answer to the heterogeneous group of nodules with indeterminate cytology. Improvement in the assessment of indeterminate fine-needle aspiration (FNA) results with molecular testing allows better risk stratification and reduces the need for diagnostic thyroid surgery. The molecular markers are classified as a “rule out” test, which has a high negative predictive value and helpful in cases with a low pre-test probability of cancer to rule out thyroid cancer. The “rule in” test has a high positive predictive value and helps in confirming malignancy in those with a high pre-test probability of cancer. This review summarises the commonly used molecular studies in thyroid FNAC aspirates and their current role in clinical practice.
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Kannan, S. Molecular Markers in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer in Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules. Indian J Surg Oncol 13, 11–16 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-020-01112-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-020-01112-8