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Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in the kidney of rats through caspase-mediated pathways and DNA damage

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Abstract

Long-term excessive sodium fluoride (NaF) intake can cause many bone diseases and nonskeletal fluorosis. The kidneys are the primary organs involved in the excretion and retention of NaF. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of NaF treatment on renal cell apoptosis, DNA damage, and the protein expression levels of cytosolic cytochrome C (Cyt C) and cleaved caspases 9, 8, and 3 in vivo. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups (control, low fluoride, medium fluoride, and high fluoride) and administered 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L of NaF, respectively, via drinking water for 120 days. Histopathological changes in the kidneys were visualized using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Renal cell apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry, and renal cell DNA damage was detected using the comet assay. Cytosolic Cyt C and cleaved caspases 9, 8, and 3 protein expression levels were visualized using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The results showed that NaF treatment increased apoptosis and DNA damage. In addition, NaF treatment increased the protein expression levels of cytosolic Cyt C and cleaved caspases 9, 8, and 3. These results indicated that NaF induces apoptosis in the kidney of rats through caspase-mediated pathway, and DNA damage may be involved in this process.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financed by grants from the China National Natural Science Foundation (no. 31240009), the Key Project of the Department of Medicine and Technology (no. 2011080), the Special Funds for Experimental Animal Technologies in Shanxi Province of China (no. 2012K02), and the Shanxi Province Science and Technology Bureau Program (no. 2011021030-1).

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No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise are declared by the author(s).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China

    Guo Hua Song, Ji Ping Gao, Chun Fang Wang, Chao Yang Chen, Min Guo, Yu Wang & Fu Bing Huang

  2. Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China

    Xiao Yan Yan

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  1. Guo Hua Song
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  2. Ji Ping Gao
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Correspondence to Guo Hua Song.

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Song, G.H., Gao, J.P., Wang, C.F. et al. Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in the kidney of rats through caspase-mediated pathways and DNA damage. J Physiol Biochem 70, 857–868 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-014-0354-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-014-0354-z

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