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Interactive effects of elevated CO2 with combined heat and drought stresses on the physiology and yield of C3 and C4 plants

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Abstract

Increase in carbon-dioxide (CO2) concentration along with increase in temperature and drought has significant impact on the crop production. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the individual and interactive effects of elevated CO2 (800 ppm), drought (50% field capacity) and heat (40 °C) on gas exchange parameters, membrane integrity, reproductive physiology and yield of two C3 (Rice, Green gram) and two C4 (Maize, Ragi) crop species. Stress treatments, viz., T1: a [CO2] + a T + irrigation (100%), T2: a [CO2] + a T + irrigation (50%), T3: a [CO2] + e T (40 °C) + irrigation (100%), T4: e [CO2] – 800 ppm + a T + irrigation (100%), T5: a [CO2] + combined stress [e T (40 °C) + irrigation (50%) T6: e [CO2] – 800 ppm + combined stress [e T (40 °C) + irrigation (50%)] were given for 21 days from initiation of flowering. Drought and heat increased stomatal frequency and reduced stomatal area. CO2 enrichment decreased stomatal frequency with greater photosynthetic rate (13.65%) in green gram and rice (10.91%) coupled with reduced transpiration rates. Stresses led to increased malondialdehyde contents. Higher CO2 environments improved pollen viability and pollen germination. Percent increase in yield of rice (15.34) and green gram (16.58) was higher than maize (6.52) and ragi (6.01) with enriched CO2.

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  1. Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India

    D. Vijayalakshmi, J. Ranjani Priya, A. Vinitha & G. Ramya

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  1. D. Vijayalakshmi
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Vijayalakshmi, D., Priya, J.R., Vinitha, A. et al. Interactive effects of elevated CO2 with combined heat and drought stresses on the physiology and yield of C3 and C4 plants. J. Crop Sci. Biotechnol. 27, 1–16 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-023-00208-1

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