Abstract
Objectives
The 14-item Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory-short form assesses mindfulness, and enhanced mindfulness is beneficial for reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms. This study aims to develop a Japanese version of the measure (J-FMI) and examine its reliability and validity in a clinical population.
Methods
Patients (N = 340) with mainly depression and/or anxiety completed the J-FMI and a set of questionnaires to measure the five facets of trait mindfulness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms after attending a 2.5-h mindfulness training program.
Results
The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the J-FMI had two factors, with five items in the presence factor and nine in the acceptance factor. Internal consistency and reliability were high for the overall scale (α = .90, ω = .92), J-FMI presence (α = .80, ω = .80), and acceptance (α = .89, ω = .90) factors. In the correlation analyses, each J-FMI factor was significantly correlated with the five facets of trait mindfulness (r = .11 to .65) and anxiety and depressive symptoms (r = − .22 to − .61). There were no significant correlations between J-FMI presence and anxiety and depressive symptoms after acceptance was controlled (r = − .04 to − .05) in the partial correlation analyses. Conversely, significant correlations were noted between J-FMI acceptance and anxiety and depressive symptoms after presence was controlled (r = − .27 to − .53).
Conclusions
These findings demonstrate the J-FMI’s high internal consistency, reliability, and factorial validity and support its criterion, convergent, and discriminant validity in a clinical sample, thus confirming its high reliability and validity.
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Data Availability
Detailed data are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Enago for the English language review.
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SN and HK contributed to the study conception and design. The J-FMI was translated by TS and HK. The material preparation, 2.5-h mindfulness training program, and data collection were performed by SN, CK, YH, YH, AH, and MH. SN analyzed and interpreted the data. The first draft of the manuscript was written by SN and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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This study was approved by the Medical Corporation Warakukai Ethics Review Board.
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Noda, S., Komatsu, C., Honda, Y. et al. Development and Validation of the Japanese Version of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory-Short Form. Mindfulness 13, 1829–1837 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01924-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01924-5