Abstract
Butt welding of titanium Ti6Al4V to aluminum 5A05Al was carried out using cold arc MIG welding with Al–Mg5 filler. Microstructure of the Ti/Al interface was strongly influenced by the welding heat input. Two types of Ti/Al interfaces were observed, i.e. a serrated TiAl3 layer in the regions with low heat input, a uniform Ti3.3Al layer and a cellular TiAl3 layer in the regions with high heat input. The latter interface appeared interesting growth sequence, that is, Ti3.3Al layer and cellular TiAl3 layer were formed orderly from titanium side to weld metal side. Tensile test and fractography study were carried out to examine the reliability and fracture mode of the joint, respectively. Crack-free welds were obtained with full-penetration under operational welding process. All the specimens were fractured in aluminum base metal during the tensile test and the average tensile strength reached up to approximately 242 MPa. Interfacial microstructure and properties of the joint indicated that Al–Mg5 filler can be used as effective filler to fabricate sound Ti/Al joints.
Graphic Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W.V. Vaidya, M. Horstmann, V. Ventzke, B. Petrovski, M. Kocak, R. Kocik, G. Tempus, Improving interfacial properties of a laser beam welded dissimilar joint of aluminium AA6056 and titanium Ti6Al4V for aeronautical applications. J. Mater. Sci. 45, 6242–6254 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4719-6
W. Shouzheng, L. Yajiang, W. Juan, L. Kun, Research on cracking initiation and propagation near Ti/Al interface during TIG welding of titanium to aluminum. Kovove Mater. 52, 85–91 (2014). https://doi.org/10.4149/km-2014-2-85
M. Kreimeyer, F. Wagner, F. Vollertsen, Laser processing of aluminum- titanium- tailored blanks. Opt. Laser. Eng. 43, 1021–1035 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2004.07.005
Y. Chen, S. Chen, L. Li, Effects of heat input on microstructure and mechanical property of Al/Ti joints by rectangular spot laser welding–brazing method. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 44, 265–272 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-008-1837-2
F. Meoller, M. Grden, C. Thomy, F. Vollertsen, Combined laser beam welding and brazing process for aluminum titanium hybrid structures. Phys. Procedia 12, 215–223 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2011.03.028
S. Chen, L. Li, Y. Chen, J. Dai, J. Huang, Improving interfacial reaction non-homogeneity during laser welding–brazing aluminum to titanium. Mater. Des. 32, 4408–4416 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.03.074
Z. Song, K. Nakata, A. Wu, J. Liao, Interfacial microstructure and mechanical property of Ti6Al4V/A6061 dissimilar joint by direct laser brazing without filler metal and groove. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 560, 111–120 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.09.044
I. Tomashchuk, P. Sallamand, A. Méasson, E. Cicala, M. Duband, P. Peyre, Aluminum to titanium laser welding–brazing in V-shaped groove. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 245, 24–36 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.02.009
Z. Ma, C. Wang, H. Yu, J. Yan, H. Shen, The microstructure and mechanical properties of fluxless gas tungsten arc welding–brazing joints made between titanium and aluminum alloys. Mater. Des. 45, 72–79 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.09.007
S. Lv, Q. Cui, Y. Huang, X. Jing, Influence of Zr addition on TIG welding–brazing of Ti–6Al–4V to Al5A06. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 568, 150–154 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.01.047
S. Wei, Y. Li, J. Wang, K. Liu, Use of welding–brazing technology on microstructural development of titanium/aluminum dissimilar joints. Mater. Manuf. Process. 29, 961–968 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2014.921711
S. Wei, Y. Li, J. Wang, K. Liu, P. Zhang, Microstructure characteristics of Ti–2Al–Mn/Al1060 dissimilar joint by pulsed gas metal arc welding–brazing Kovove. Mater. 52(305), 311 (2014). https://doi.org/10.4149/km2014-5-305
J. Li, Q. Sun, Y. Liu, C. Cai, J. Feng, Cold metal transfer welding–brazing of pure titanium TA2 to aluminum alloy 6061–T6. Adv. Eng. Mater. 19, 1–8 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201600494
Q.J. Sun, J.Z. Li, Y.B. Liu, B.P. Li, P.W. Xu, J.C. Feng, Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of Al/Ti welded by CMT method-Assisted hybrid magnetic field. Mater. Des. 116, 316–324 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.12.025
Y. Miao, Z. Ma, X. Yang, J. Liu, D. Han, Experimental study on microstructure and mechanical properties of AA6061/Ti–6Al–4V joints made by bypass-current MIG welding–brazing. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 260, 104–111 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.05.019
J. Sun, R. Cao, Q. Huang, J. Chen, Cold metal transfer welding of dissimialr metals between 6061 aluminum alloy and TA2. Trans. China Weld. Inst. 34, 25–28 (2013)
P.G. Shant, Intermetallic compounds in diffusion couples of Ti with an Al–Si eutectic alloy. Mater. Charact. 49, 321–330 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1044-5803(02)00342-X
S.H. Chen, L.Q. Li, Y.B. Chen, D.J. Liu, Si diffusion behavior during laser welding–brazing of Al alloy and Ti alloy with Al–12Si filler wire. Trans. Nonferr. Metal. Soc. China 20, 64–70 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(09)60098-4
S. Wei, Y. Li, J. Wang, K. Liu, Influence of welding heat input on microstructure of Ti/Al joint during pulsed gas metal arc welding. Mater. Manuf. Process. 29, 954–960 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2014.880464
W. Shouzheng, L. Yajiang, W. Juan, L. Kun, Z. Pengfei, Microstructure and joining mechanism of Ti/Al dissimialr joint by pulsed gas metal arc welding. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 70, 1137–1142 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5290-5
P. Kah, R. Suoranta, J. Martikainen, Advanced gas metal arc welding processes. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 97, 655–674 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4513-5
S. Wei, Y. Li, J. Wang, K. Liu, Formation of brittle phases during pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding of titanium to aluminum alloys. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 23, 1451–1457 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-0874-2
Acknowledgements
This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51805492) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (No. 201801D221149). The authors express heartfelt thanks here.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wei, S., Rao, W., Li, Z. et al. Cold Arc MIG Welding of Titanium Ti6Al4V to Aluminum 5A05Al Using Al–Mg5 Filler. Met. Mater. Int. 26, 1555–1561 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-019-00402-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-019-00402-3