Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Plant growth regulators affecting canola (Brasica Napus L.) biochemistry including oil yield under drought stress

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective was to test the effects of PGR on canola (Brassica napus L.) biochemistry including oil yield under drought stress. A two-year (Y1 and Y2) split plot field experiment on the basis of a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. The main factor was, drought stress levels, including irrigation after a reduction of 40 (D1), 60 (D2) and 80% (D3) of field capacity (FC) moisture, and the sub-factor was PGR including control (S1), soil application of humic acid (S2), foliar applications of amino acid (S3), fulvic acid (S4) or seaweed extract (S5), and the combination of all PGR (S6). Although drought stress significantly decreased plant chlorophyll contents (a, b and total), oil percentage and oil yield, PGR significantly increased them. The D3 treatment, compared with control, decreased crop oil yield by 48.67 and 35.29% in the first and second year, respectively. However, treatment Y2D3S6 significantly increased oil percentage (43.10%) compared with control (40.97%). The PGR increased seed oil yield, in D3, by a maximum of 254 kg ha-1. The PGR numerically (p ≤ 0.0886) increased proline to 6.14 mg  g-1 LFW (Y1D3S6) compared with control (4.79 mg g-1 LFW). The PGR also significantly increased sugar content to 17.05 mg g-1 LFW, significantly different from the control (12.95 mg g-1 LFW). In conclusion, the tested PGR can improve the biochemical properties (quality) including oil yield of canola in drought stress conditions, which is of economic and health significance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24:1–15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Askarnejad MR, Soleymani A, Javanmard HR (2021) Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) physiology including nutrient uptake affected by plant growth regulators under field drought conditions. J Plant Nutr 44:2201–2217

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Azizi MH, Soleymani A, Javanmard HA (2023) Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) biochemical and nutritional properties affected by plant growth regulators under field drought conditions. Cereal Research Communications in Press, UK

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bakhshian M, Naderi MR, Javanmard HR, Bahreininejad B (2022) The growth of summer savory (Satureja hortensis) affected by fertilization and plant growth regulators in temperature stress. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 43:102371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bates LS, Waldren RP, Tear ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batool M, El-Badri AM, Hassan MU, Haiyun Y, Chunyun W, Zhenkun Y, Jie K, Wang B, Zhou G (2022) Drought stress in Brassica napus: effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management strategies. J Plant Growth Regul

  • Battacharyya D, Babgohari MZ, Rathor P, Prithiviraj B (2015) Seaweed extracts as biostimulants in horticulture. Sci Hort 196:39–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bijanzadeh E, Emam Y, Pessarakli M (2021) Biochemical responses of water-stressed triticale (X Triticosecale wittmack) to humic acid and jasmonic acid. J Plant Nutr 44:252–269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bulgari R, Franzoni G, Ferrante A (2019) Biostimulants application in horticultural crops under abiotic stress conditions. Agronomy 9:306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chmielewska A, Kozłowska M, Rachwał D, Wnukowski P, Amarowicz R, Nebesny E, Rosicka-Kaczmarek J (2020) Canola/rapeseed protein–nutritional value, functionality and food application: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 61:3836–3856

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drobek M, Frąc M, Cybulska J (2019) Plant biostimulants: importance of the quality and yield of horticultural crops and the improvement of plant tolerance to abiotic stress—a review. Agronomy 9:335

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du Y, Zhao Q, Chen L, Yao X, Zhang W, Zhang B, Xie F (2020) Effect of drought stress on sugar metabolism in leaves and roots of soybean seedlings. Plant Physiol Biochem 146:1–12

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fitton N, Alexander P, Arnell N, Bajzelj B, Calvin K, Doelman J, Gerber J, Havlik P, Hasegawa T, Herrero M (2019) The vulnerabilities of agricultural land and food production to future water scarcity. Glob Environ Change 58:101944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flakelar CL, Luckett DJ, Howitt JA, Dorana G, Prenzler PD (2015) Canola (Brassica napus) oil from Australian cultivars shows promising levels of tocopherols and carotenoids, along with good oxidative stability. J Food Compos Anal 42:179–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaffari H, Tadayon MR, Nadeem M, Cheema M, Razmjoo J (2019) Proline-mediated changes in antioxidant enzymatic activities and the physiology of sugar beet under drought stress. Acta Physiol Plant 41:23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hosseini P, Mohsenifar K, Rajaie M, Babaeinezhad T (2020) Improvement and regeneration of canola seeds (Brassica napus) with growth promoting compounds under different irrigation intervals. Iran J Seed Sci Res (Abstract English) 7:463–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Ilyas M, Nisar M, Khan N, Hazrat A, Khan AH, Hayat K, Fahad S, Khan A, Ullah A (2020) Drought tolerance strategies in plants: a mechanistic approach. J Plant Growth Regul 40:926–944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jahani F, Tohidi-Moghadam HR, Larijani HR, Ghooshchi F, Oveysi M (2021) Influence of zinc and salicylic acid foliar application on total chlorophyll, phenolic components, yield and essential oil composition of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) under drought stress condition. Arab J Geosci 14:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang K, Asami T (2018) Chemical regulators of plant hormones and their applications in basic research and agriculture. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 82:1265–1300

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khaleghnezhad V, Yousefi AR, Tavakoli A, Farajmand B, Mastinu A (2021) Concentrations-dependent effect of exogenous abscisic acid on photosynthesis, growth and phenolic content of Dracocephalum moldavica L. under drought stress. Planta 253:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Layek J, Das A, Idapuganti RG, Sarkar D, Ghosh A, Zodape ST, Lal R, Yadav GS, Panwar AS, Ngachan S (2018) Seaweed extract as organic bio-stimulant improves productivity and quality of rice in eastern Himalayas. J Appl Phycol 30:547–558

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee BR, Islam MT, Park SH, Jung HI, Bae DW, Kim TH (2019) Characterization of salicylic acid-mediated modulation of the drought stress responses: reactive oxygen species, proline, and redox state in Brassica napus. Environ Exp Bot 157:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miransari M (2011) Soil microbes and plant fertilization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 92:875–885

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miransari M, Bahrami HA, Rejali F, Malakouti MJ (2008) Using arbuscular mycorrhiza to alleviate the stress of soil compaction on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth. Soil Biol Biochem 40:1197–1206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miransari M, Mackenzie AF (2015) Development of soil N testing for wheat production using soil residual mineral N. J Plant Nutr 38:1995–2005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mirbolook A, Rasouli-Sadaghiani M, Sepehr E, Lakzian A, Hakimi M (2021) Synthesized zn (II)-amino acid and-chitosan chelates to increase Zn uptake by bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants. J Plant Growth Regul 40:831–847

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadpour H, Sadrameli SM, Eslami F, Asoodeh A (2019) Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of Moringa Peregrina oil with response surface methodology and comparison with Soxhlet method. Ind Crops Prod 131:106–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson N (1944) A photometric adaptation of the smoggy method for the determination of sugars. J Biol Chem 153:375–380

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raman H, Raman R, Mathews K, Diffey S, Salisbury P (2020) QTL mapping reveals genomic regions for yield based on an incremental tolerance index to drought stress and related agronomic traits in canola. Crop Pasture Sci 71:562–577

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rezayian M, Niknam V, Ebrahimzadeh H (2018) Differential responses of phenolic compounds of Brassica napus under drought stress. Iran J Plant Physiol 8:2417–2425

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabbahi R, Azzaoui K, Rhazi L, Ayerdi-Gotor A, Aussenac T, Depeint F, Taleb M, Hammouti B (2023) Factors affecting the quality of canola grains and their implications for grain-based foods. Foods 12:2219

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Safian N, Naderi MR, Torabi M, Soleymani A, Salemi HR (2022) Corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) yield and nutritional quality affected by drought stress. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 45:102486

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Supraja K, Behera B, Balasubramanian P (2020) Efficacy of microalgal extracts as biostimulants through seed treatment and foliar spray for tomato cultivation. Ind Crops Prod 151:112453

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tahaei SA, Nasri M, Soleymani A, Ghooshchi F, Oveysi M (2022) Plant growth regulators affecting corn (Zea mays L.) physiology and rab17 expression under drought conditions. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 41:102288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zamani S, Naderi MR, Soleymani A, Nasiri BM (2020) Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) biochemical properties and seed components affected by potassium fertilization under drought conditions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 190:110017

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu M, Monroe JG, Suhail Y, Villiers F, Mullen J, Pater D, Hauser F, Jeon BW, Bader JS, Kwak JM (2016) Molecular and systems approaches towards drought tolerant canola crops. New Phytol 210:1169–1189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran and the Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz, Iran, for their sincere assistance in conducting this research.

The authors would also like to thank very much the international publisher, AbtinBerkeh Scientific Ltd. Company (https://AbtinBerkeh.com), including AbtinBerkeh Academy (https://academy.abtinberkeh.com) Isfahan, Iran, for editing the manuscript and revising it according to the journal format.

Funding

There was not any funding for the present research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

    Parviz Hosseini, Kamran Mohsenifar & Teimour Babaeinejad

  2. Soil and Water Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources, Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran

    Majid Rajaie

Authors
  1. Parviz Hosseini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kamran Mohsenifar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Majid Rajaie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Teimour Babaeinejad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

PH conducted the experiments, collected and analysed data, KM supervised the research, MR and TB co-supervised the research.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kamran Mohsenifar.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare they do not have any conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hosseini, P., Mohsenifar, K., Rajaie, M. et al. Plant growth regulators affecting canola (Brasica Napus L.) biochemistry including oil yield under drought stress. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 29, 1663–1674 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-023-01399-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-023-01399-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation