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Fluorine-induced dual defects in NiP2 anode with robust sodium storage performance

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Abstract

Metal phosphides have shown great application potential as anode for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) owing to high theoretical capacity, suitable operation voltage and abundant resource. Unfortunately, the application of NiP2 anode is severely impeded by low practical capacity and fast capacity decay due to the huge volume variation and low reactivity of internal phosphorus (P) component towards Na+. Herein, electronic structure modulation of NiP2 via heteroatoms doping and introducing vacancies defects to enhance Na+ adsorption sites and diffusion kinetics is successfully attempted. The as-synthesized three-dimensional (3D) bicontinuous carbon matrix decorated with well-dispersed fluorine (F)-doped NiP2 nanoparticles (F-NiP2@carbon nanosheets) delivers a high reversible capacity (585 mAh·g-1 at 0.1 A·g-1) and excellent long cycling stability (244 mAh·g-1 over 1,000 cycles at 2 A·g-1) when tested as anode in NIBs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that F doping in NiP2 induces the formation of P vacancies with increased Na+ adsorption energy and accelerates the alloying of internal P component. The F-NiP2@carbon nanosheets//Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell is evaluated showing stable long cycling life. The heteroatoms doping-induced dual defects strategy opens up a new way of metal phosphides for sodium storage.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22005201 and 22005292), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (No. 2020A1515010840) and Shenzhen Government’s Plan of Science and Technology (Nos. JCYJ20200109105803806 and RCYX20200714114535052).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China

    Liang Wu, Hengpan Yang & Chuanxin He

  2. College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China

    Liang Wu

  3. Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China

    Lifeng Wang, Xiaolong Cheng, Mingze Ma, Ying Wu, Xiaojun Wu & Yan Yu

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  1. Liang Wu
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Correspondence to Yan Yu or Chuanxin He.

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Wu, L., Wang, L., Cheng, X. et al. Fluorine-induced dual defects in NiP2 anode with robust sodium storage performance. Nano Res. 15, 2147–2156 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3852-7

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