Abstract
In previous studies, several isoindolin-1-one analogs that exhibited significant anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activities were isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. Since gene-editing mutants provide a new sample for the discovery of active metabolites, we focused on the stems of YN-18–23 (a mutant N. tabacum for gene editing with the alkaloid metabolic pathway cultivated by Yunnan Tobacco Company), which led to the isolation of four new (1–4) and four known (5–8) isoindolin-1-ones. To the best of our knowledge, nicindole C (3) is the first subclass of isoindolin-1-one bearing a pentacyclic ketone, while nicindole D (4) is the first example of isoindolin-1-one bearing a methyl-pyridin-2-(1H)-one moiety. Compounds 1–4 were tested for their anti-TMV activities, and the results revealed that compounds 1, 3, and 4 exhibited high anti-TMV activities at concentrations of 20 μM with inhibition rates of 48.6, 42.8, and 71.5%, respectively. These rates are higher than the inhibition rate of the positive control (33.2%). The mechanistic study of compound 4, which had the highest anti-TMV activity revealed that increased potentiation of defense-related enzyme activities and downregulation of expression of the NtHsp70 protein may induce resistance in tobacco against the viral pathogen TMV. Molecular docking studies also revealed that the isoindolin-1-one substructure is fundamental for anti-TMV activity. The methyl-pyridin-2-(1H)-one moiety in compound 4 and the 2-oxopropyl groups in compounds 1 and 3 at the N-2 position may increase inhibitory activities. This study of the structure–activity relationship is helpful for finding new anti-TMV activity inhibitors. To study whether the isoindolin-1-ones have broader antiviral activities, compounds 1–4 were also tested for their anti-rotavirus activities. Compound 4 exhibited high anti-rotavirus activity with a therapeutic index (TI) value of 20.7. This TI value is close to that of the positive control (20.2).
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported financially by the Foundation of Yunnan Basic Research Program (Grant No. 2019FD086), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21967021 and 21762050), the Foundation of Yunnan Tobacco Industry Co. Ltd (Grant No. 2021JC08), the Foundation of China Tobacco Company [Grant No. 110202101004 (JY-04)], the Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects for Excellent Young Scholars (Grant No. 202001AW079992).
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Yang, GY., Dai, JM., Li, ZJ. et al. Isoindolin-1-ones from the stems of Nicotiana tabacum and their antiviral activities. Arch. Pharm. Res. 45, 572–583 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-022-01399-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-022-01399-x