Abstract
The development of novel drug delivery systems based on well-defined polymer therapeutics has led to significant improvements in the treatment of multiple disorders. Advances in material chemistry, nanotechnology, and nanomedicine have revolutionized the practices of drug delivery. Stimulus-responsive material-based nanosized drug delivery systems have remarkable properties that allow them to circumvent biological barriers and achieve targeted intracellular drug delivery. Specifically, the development of novel nanocarrier-based therapeutics is the need of the hour in managing complex diseases. In this review, we have briefly described the fundamentals of drug targeting to diseased tissues, physiological barriers in the human body, and the mechanisms/modes of drug-loaded carrier systems. To that end, this review serves as a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems, with focus on their potential applications and impact on the future of drug delivery.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arias JL (2011) Drug targeting strategies in cancer treatment: an overview. Mini Rev Med Chem 11:1–17
Arranja AG, Pathak V, Lammers T, Shi Y (2017) Tumor-targeted nanomedicines for cancer theranostics. Pharmacol Res 115:87–95
Arruebo M, Fernandez-Pacheco R, Ibarra MR, Santamaria J (2007) Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery. Nano Today 2:22–32
Baghbani F, Moztarzadeh F (2017) Bypassing multidrug resistant ovarian cancer using ultrasound responsive doxorubicin/curcumin co-deliver alginate nanodroplets. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 153:132–140
Baghbani F, Chegeni M, Moztarzadeh F, Mohandesi JA, Mokhtari-Dizaji M (2017) Ultrasonic nanotherapy of breast cancer using novel ultrasound-responsive alginate-shelled perfluorohexane nanodroplets: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 77:698–707
Bashyal S, Noh G, Keum T, Choi YW, Lee S (2016) Cell penetrating peptides as an innovative approach for drug delivery; then, present and the future. J Pharm Investig 46:205–220
Behzadi S, Serpooshan V, Tao W, Hamaly MA, Alkawareek MY, Dreaden EC, Brown D, Alkilany AM, Farokhzad OC, Mahmoudi M (2017) Cellular uptake of nanoparticles: journey inside the cell. Chem Soc Rev. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CS00636A
Bernardos A, Aznar E, Marcos MD, Manez RM, Sancenon F, Soto J, Barat JM, Amoros P (2009) Enzyme-responsive controlled release using mesoporous silica supports capped with lactose. Angew Chem Int Ed 48:5998–6001
Bernardos A, Mondragon L, Aznar E, Marcos MD, Manez RM, Sancenon F, Soto J, Barat JM, Paya EP, Guillem C, Amoros P (2010) Enzyme-responsive intracellular controlled release using nanometric silica mesoporous supports capped with “saccharides”. ACS Nano 4:6353–6368
Bertrand N, Wu J, Xu X, Kamaly N, Farokhzad OC (2014) Cancer nanotechnology: the impact of passive and active targeting in the era of modern cancer biology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 66:2–25
Biswas S, Torchilin VP (2014) Nanopreparations for organelle-specific delivery in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 66:26–41
Blanco E, Shen H, Ferrari M (2015) Principles of nanoparticle design for overcoming biological barriers to drug delivery. Nat Biotechnol 33:941–951
Blum AP, Kammeyer JK, Rush AM, Callmann CE, Hahn ME, Gianneschi NC (2015) Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for biomedical applications. J Am Chem Soc 137:2140–2154
Broaders KE, Grandhe S, Frechet JMJ (2010) A biocompatible oxidation-triggered carrier polymer with potential in therapeutics. J Am Chem Soc 133:756–758
Cagel M, Tesan FC, Bernabeu E, Salgueiro MJ, Zubillaga MB, Moretton MA, Chiappetta DA (2017) Polymeric mixed micelles as nanomedicines: achievements and perspectives. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 113:211–228
Cern A, Marcus D, Tropsha A, Barenholz Y, Goldblum A (2017) New drug candidates for liposomal delivery identified by computer modeling of liposomes’ remote loading and leakage. J Control Release 252:18–27
Chen GH, Hoffman AS (1995) Graft copolymers that exhibit temperature-induced phase transitions over a wide range of pH. Nature 373:49–52
Chen Z, Li Z, Lin Y, Yin M, Ren J, Qu X (2013) Biomineralization inspired surface engineering of nanocarriers for pH-responsive, targeted drug delivery. Biomaterials 34:1364–1371
Chen M, He X, Wang K, He D, Yang S, Qiu P, Chen S (2014) A pH-responsive polymer/mesoporous silica nano-container linked through an acid cleavable linker for intracellular controlled release and tumor therapy in vivo. J. Mater. Chem. B 2:428–436
Cheng R, Feng F, Meng FH, Deng C, Feijen J, Zhong ZY (2011) Glutathione-responsive nano-vehicles as a promising platform for targeted intracellular drug and gene delivery. J Control Release 152:2–12
Cheng R, Meng F, Deng C, Klok HA, Zhong Z (2013) Dual and multi-stimuli responsive polymeric nanoparticles for programmed site-specific drug delivery. Biomaterials 34:3647–3657
Cho K, Wang X, Nie S, Chen ZG, Shin DM (2008) Therapeutic nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer. Clin Cancer Res 14:1310–1316
Choi KY, Yoon HY, Kim JH, Bae SM, Park RW, Kang YM, Kim IS, Kwon IS, Choi K, Jeong SY, Kim K, Park JH (2011) Smart nanocarrier based on PEGylated hyaluronic acid for cancer therapy. ACS Nano 5:8591–8599
Choi JY, Thapa RK, Yong CS, Kim JO (2016a) Nanoparticle-based combination drug delivery systems for synergistic cancer treatment. J Pharm Investig 46:325–339
Choi JY, Ramasamy T, Kim SY, Kim J, Ku SK, Youn YS, Kim JR, Jeong JH, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2016b) PEGylated lipid bilayer-supported mesoporous silica nanoparticle composite for synergistic co-delivery of axitinib and celastrol in multi-targeted cancer therapy. Acta Biomater 39:94–105
Choi JH, Lee YJ, Kim D (2017) Image-guided nanomedicine for cancer. J Pharm Investig 47:51–64
Couvreur P, Vauthier C (2006) Nanotechnology: intelligent design to treat complex disease. Pharm Res 23:1417–1450
Dash RN, Mohammed H, Humaira T (2016) Design, optimization, and evaluation of ezetimibe solid supersaturatable self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery for enhanced solubility and dissolution. J Pharm Investig 46:153–168
Davis ME, Chen Z, Shin DM (2008) Nanoparticle therapeutics: an emerging treatment modality for cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:771–782
de Gracia Lux C, Joshi-Barr S, Nguyen T, Mahmoud E, Schopf E, Fomina N, Almutairi A (2012) Biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles degrade and release cargo in response to biologically relevant levels of hydrogen peroxide. J Am Chem Soc 134:15758–15764
de la Rica R, Aili D, Stevens MM (2012) Enzyme-responsive nanoparticles for drug release and diagnostics. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 64:967–978
Deng Z, Zhen Z, Hu X, Wu S, Xu Z, Chu PK (2011) Hollow chitosan–silica nanospheres as pH-sensitive targeted delivery carriers in breast cancer therapy. Biomaterials 32:4976–4986
Diebold L, Chandel NS (2016) Mitochondrial ROS regulation of proliferating cells. Free Radic Biol Med 100:86–93
Dilnawaz F, Singh A, Mohanty C, Sahoo SK (2010) Dual drug loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. Biomaterials 31:3694–3706
Domenici F, Giliberti C, Bedini A, Palomba R, Luongo F, Sennato S, Olmati C, Pozzi D, Morrone S, Congju Castellano A, Bordi F (2013) Ultrasound well below the intensity threshold of cavitation can promote efficient uptake of small drug model molecules in fibroblast cells. Drug Deliv 20:285–295
Doncom KEB, Hansell CF, Theato P, O’Reilly RK (2012) pH-switchable polymer nanostructures for controlled release. Polym Chem 3:3007–3015
Du J, Armes SP (2005) pH-responsive vesicles based on a hydrolytically self-cross-linkable copolymer. J Am Chem Soc 127:12800–12801
Eisenbrey JR, Soulen MC, Wheatley MA (2010) Delivery of encapsulated doxorubicin by ultrasound-mediated size reduction of drug-loaded polymer contrast agents. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 57:24–28
Evjen TJ, Nilssen EA, Rognvaldsson S, Brandl M, Fossheim SL (2010) Distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine-based liposomes for ultrasound-mediated drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 75:327–333
Fang J, Nakamura H, Maeda H (2011) The EPR effect: unique features of tumor blood vessels for drug delivery, factors involved, and limitations and augmentation of the effect. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 63:136–151
Fleige E, Quadir MA, Haag R (2012) Stimuli-responsive polymeric nanocarriers for the controlled transport of active compounds: concepts and applications. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 64:866–884
Gao GH, Park MJ, Li Y, Im GH, Kim JH, Kim HN, Lee JW, Jeon P, Bang OY, Lee JH, Lee DS (2012) The use of pH-sensitive positively charged polymeric micelles for protein delivery. Biomaterials 33:9157–9164
Garripelli VK, Kim JK, Son S, Kim WJ, Repka MA, Jo S (2011) Matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive thermogelling polymer for bioresponsive local drug delivery. Acta Biomater 7:1984–1992
Gary-Bobo M, Hocine O, Brevet D, Maynadier M, Raehm L, Richeter S, Charasson V, Loock B, Morère A, Maillard P, Garcia M, Durand JO (2012) Cancer therapy improvement with mesoporous silica nanoparticles combining targeting, drug delivery and PDT. Int J Pharm 423:509–515
Guo DD, Hong SH, Jiang HL, Kim JH, Minai-Tehrani A, Kim JE, Shin JY, Jiang T, Kim YK, Choi YJ, Cho CS, Cho MH (2012) Synergistic effects of Akt1 shRNA and paclitaxel-incorporated conjugated linoleic acid-coupled poloxamer thermosensitive hydrogel on breast cancer. Biomaterials 33:2272–2281
Haley B, Frenkel E (2008) Nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer treatment. Urol Oncol 26:57–64
Harnoy AJ, Rosenbaum I, Tirosh E, Ebenstein Y, Shaharabani R, Beck R, Amir RJ (2014) Enzyme-responsive amphiphilic PEG-dendron hybrids and their assembly into smart micellar nanocarriers. J Am Chem Soc 136:7531–7534
Hasanzadeh H, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Bathaie SZ, Hassan ZM (2011) Sonication on drug distribution from polymeric nanomicelles. Ultrason Sonochem 18:1165–1171
Hatakeyama H, Akita H, Ito E, Hayashi Y, Oishi M, Nagasaki Y, Danev R, Nagayama K, Kaji N, Kikuchi H, Baba Y (2011) Systemic delivery of siRNA to tumors using a lipid nanoparticle containing a tumor-specific cleavable PEG-lipid. Biomaterials 32:4306–4316
Heller J, Baker RW, Gale RM, Rodin JO (1978) Controlled drug release by polymer dissolution. I. Partial esters of maleic anhydride copolymers—properties and theory. J Appl Polym Sci 22:1991–2009
Hoang NH, Lim CM, Sim TH, Oh KT (2017) Triblock copolymers for nano-sized drug delivery systems. J Pharm Investig 47:27–35
Hu Q, Katti PS, Gu Z (2014) Enzyme-responsive nanomaterials for controlled drug delivery. Nanoscale 6:12273–12286
Hua Y, Darcosa V, Mongeb S, Lia S (2015) Thermo-responsive drug release from self-assembled micelles of brush-like PLA/PEG analogues block copolymers Int. J. Pharm 491:152–161
Huo M, Liu Y, Wang L, Yin T, Qin C, Xiao Y, Yin L, Liu J, Zhou J (2016) Redox-Sensitive Micelles Based on O, N-Hydroxyethyl Chitosan-Octylamine Conjugates for Triggered Intracellular Delivery of Paclitaxel. Mol Pharm 13:1750–1762
Jang SH, Wientjes MG, Lu D, Au JLS (2003) Drug delivery and transport to solid tumors. Pharm Res 20:1337–1350
Jeong B, Kim SW, Bae YH (2002a) Thermosensitive sol-gel reversible hydrogels. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 54:37–51
Jeong B, Lee KM, Gutowska A, An YHH (2002b) Thermogelling biodegradable copolymer aqueous solutions for injectable protein delivery and tissue engineering. Biomacromolecules 3:865–868
Jiang T, Mo R, Bellotti A, Zhou J, Gu Z (2014) Gel–liposome-mediated co-delivery of anticancer membrane-associated proteins and small-molecule drugs for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Adv Funct Mater 24:2295–2304
Jiang W, Von Roemeling CA, Chen Y, Qie Y, Liu X, Chen J, Kim YS (2017) Designing nanomedicine for immuno-oncology. Nat Biomed Eng. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-017-0029
Jin HJ, Lu J, Wu X (2012) Development of a new enzyme-responsive self-immolative spacer conjugate applicable to the controlled drug release. Bioorg Med Chem 20:3465–3469
Jones A, Harris AL (1998) New developments in angiogenesis: a major mechanism for tumor growth and target for therapy. Cancer J Sci Am 4:209–221
Kakizawa Y, Harada A, Kataoka K (1999) Environment-sensitive stabilization of core–shell structured polyion complex micelle by reversible cross-linking of the core through disulfide bond. J Am Chem Soc 121:11247–11248
Kang HC, Bae YH (2011) Co-delivery of small interfering RNA and plasmid DNA using a polymeric vector incorporating endosomolytic oligomeric sulphonamide. Biomaterials 32:4914–4924
Karimi M, Ghasemi A, Sahandi Zangabad P, Rahighi R, Moosavi Basri SM, Mirshekari H, Amiri M, Shafaei Pishabad Z, Aslani A, Bozorgomid M, Ghosh D, Beyzavi A, Vaseghi A, Aref AR, Haghani L, Bahrami S, Hamblin MR (2016) Smart micro/nanoparticles in stimulus-responsive drug/gene delivery systems. Chem Soc Rev 45:1457–1501
Ke W, Li J, Zhao K, Zha Z, Han Y, Wang Y, Yin W, Zhang P, Ge Z (2016) Modular design and facile synthesis of enzyme-responsive peptide-linked block copolymers for efficient delivery of doxorubicin. Biomacromolecules 17:3268–3276
Kim JS (2016) Liposomal drug delivery system. J Pharm Investig 46:387–392
Kim HS, Lee DY (2017) Photothermal therapy with gold nanoparticles as an anticancer medication. J Pharm Investig 47:19–26
Kim IY, Kang YS, Lee DS, Park HJ, Choi EK, Oh YK, Son HJ, Kim JS (2009) Antitumor activity of EGFR targeted pH-sensitive immunoliposomes encapsulating gemcitabine in A549 xenograft nude mice. J Control Release 140:55–60
Kim JO, Sahay G, Kabanov AV, Bronich TK (2010) Polymeric micelles with ionic cores containing biodegradable crosslinks for delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Biomacromolecules 11:919–926
Kim DW, Ramasamy T, Choi JY, Kim JH, Yong CS, Choi HG, Kim JO (2014) The influence of bile salt on the chemotherapeutic response of decetaxel-loaded thermosensitive nanomicelles. Int J Nanomedicine 9:3815–3824
Kim Y, Park EJ, Na DH (2016) Antibody-drug conjugates for targeted anticancer drug delivery. J Pharm Investig 46:341–349
Kim CH, Kim CH, Lee SG, Kang MJ, Lee SK, Choi YW (2017a) Surface modification of lipid-based nanocarriers for cancer cell-specific drug targeting. J Pharm Investig 47:203–227
Kim H, Lee J, Oh C, Park JH (2017b) Cooperative tumor cell membrane targeted phototherapy. Nat Commun. 8:15880
Koo AN, Lee HJ, Kim SE, Chang JH, Park C, Kim C, Park JH, Lee SC (2008) Disulfide-cross-linked PEG-poly(amino acid)s copolymer micelles for glutathione-mediated intracellular drug delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 48:6570–6572
Kuppusamy P, Li H, Ilangovan G, Cardounel AJ, Zweier JL, Yamada K, Krishna MC, Mitchell JB (2002) Noninvasive imaging of tumor redox status and its modification by tissue glutathione levels. Cancer Res 62:307–312
Landon CD, Park JY, Needham D, Dewhirst MW (2011) Nanoscale drug delivery and hyperthermia: the materials design and preclinical and clinical testing of low temperature-sensitive liposomes used in combination with mild hyperthermia in the treatment of local cancer. Open Nanomed J 3:38–64
Lee ES, Youn YS (2016) Albumin-based potential drugs: focus on half-life extension and nanoparticle preparation. J Pharm Investig 46:305–315
Lee Y, Fukushima S, Bae Y, Hiki S, Ishii T, Kataoka K (2007) A Protein nanocarrier from charge-conversion polymer in response to endosomal pH. J Am Chem Soc 129:5362–5363
Lee SH, Choi SH, Kim SH, Park TG (2008) Thermally sensitive cationic polymer nanocapsules for specific cytosolic delivery and efficient gene silencing of siRNA: swelling induced physical disruption of endosome by cold shock. J Control Release 125:25–32
Lee Y, Du JZ, Sun TM, Song WJ, Wu J (2010) A tumor-acidity-activated charge-conversional nanogel as an intelligent vehicle for promoted tumoral-cell uptake and drug delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:3621–3626
Lee GY, Qian WP, Wang L, Wang YA, Staley CA, Satpathy M, Nie S, Mao H, Yang L (2013) Theranostic nanoparticles with controlled release of gemcitabine for targeted therapy and MRI of pancreatic cancer. ACS Nano 7:2078–2089
Lei Y, Wang J, Xie C, Wagner E, Lu W, Li Y, Wei X, Dong J, Liu M (2013) Glutathione-sensitive RGD-poly(ethylene glycol)-SS-polyethylenimine for intracranial glioblastoma targeted gene delivery. J Gene Med 15:291–305
Li YL, Zhu L, Liu Z, Cheng R, Meng F, Cui JH, Ji SJ, Zhong Z (2009) Reversibly stabilized multifunctional dextran nanoparticles efficiently deliver doxorubicin into the nuclei of cancer cells. Angew Chem Int Edit 48:9914–9918
Li Y, Gao GH, Lee DS (2013a) Stimulus-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles and their applications as drug and gene carriers. Adv Healthc Mater 2:388–417
Li G, Meng Y, Guo L, Zhang T, Liu J (2013b) Formation of thermo-sensitive polyelectrolyte complex micelles from two biocompatible graft copolymers for drug delivery. J Biomed Mater Res A. 102:2163–2172
Li Y, Zhi X, Lin J, You X, Yuan J (2017) Preparation and characterization of DOX loaded keratin nanoparticles for pH/GSH dual responsive release. Mater Sci Eng, C 73:189–197
Liu ZH, Jiao YP, Wang YF, Zhou CR, Zhang ZY (2008) Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60:1650–1662
Liu YC, Le Ny ALM, Schmidt J, Talmon Y, Chmelka BF, Lee CT (2009) Photo-assisted gene delivery using light-responsive catanionic vesicles. Langmuir 25:5713–5724
Liu R, Li D, He B, Xu X, Sheng M, Lai Y, Wang G, Gu Z (2011) Anti-tumor drug delivery of pH-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-histidine-)-poly(L-lactide) nanoparticles. J Control Release 152:49–56
Liu Q, Zhang J, Sun W, Xie QR, Xia W, Gu H (2012) Delivering hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemotherapeutics simultaneously by magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles to inhibit cancer cells. Int J Nanomed 7:999–1013
Liu F, Lin S, Zhang Z, Hu J, Liu G, Tu Y, Yang Y, Zou H, Mo Y, Miao L (2014) pH-responsive nanoemulsions for controlled drug release. Biomacromolecules 15:968–977
Liu J, Wang C, Wang X, Wang X, Cheng L, Li Y, Liu Z (2015) Mesoporous silica coated single-walled carbon nanotubes as a multifunctional light-responsive platform for cancer combination therapy. Adv Funct Mater 25:384–392
Lu J, Choi E, Tamanoi F, Zink JI (2008) Light-activated nano impeller controlled drug release in cancer cells. Small 4:421–426
Lynn DM, Amiji MM, Langer R (2001) pH-responsive polymer microspheres: rapid release of encapsulated material within the range of intracellular pH. Angew Chem Int Ed 40:1707–1710
Ma N, Li Y, Xu H, Wang Z, Zhang X (2010) Dual redox responsive assemblies formed from diselenide block copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 132:442–443
Maeda H (2001) The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in tumor vasculature: the key role of tumor-selective macromolecular drug targeting, advances in enzyme regulation. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 189–207
Maeda Bharate GY, Daruwalla J (2009) Polymeric drugs for efficient tumor-targeted drug delivery based on EPR-effect. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 71:409–419
Mas N, Agostini A, Mondragón L, Bernardos A, Sancenón F, Marcos MD, Martínez-Máñez R, Costero AM, Gil S, Merino-Sanjuán M, Amorós P, Orzáez M, Pérez-Payá E (2013) Enzyme-responsive silica mesoporous supports capped with azopyridinium salts for controlled delivery applications. Chemistry 19:1346–1356
Min KH, Kim JH, Bae SM, Shin H, Kim MS, Park S, Lee H, Park RW, Kim IS, Kim K, Kwon IC (2010) Tumoral acidic pH-responsive MPEG-poly(β-amino ester) polymeric micelles for cancer targeting therapy. J Control Release 144:259–266
Mo R, Sun Q, Xue J, Li N, Li W, Zhang C, Ping Q (2012) Multistage pH-responsive liposomes for mitochondrial-targeted anticancer drug delivery. Adv Mater 24:3659–3665
Mohan P, Rapoport N (2010) Doxorubicin as a molecular nanotheranostic agent: effect of doxorubicin encapsulation in micelles or nanoemulsions on the ultrasoundmediated intracellular delivery and nuclear trafficking. Mol Pharm 7:1959–1973
Mondragón L, Mas N, Ferragud V, de la Torre C, Agostini A, Martínez-Máñez R, Sancenón F, Amorós P, Pérez-Payá E, Orzáez M (2014) Enzyme-responsive intracellular-controlled release using silica mesoporous nanoparticles capped with ε-poly-L-lysine. Chemistry 20:5271–5281
Mura S, Nicolas J, Couvreur P (2013) Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery. Nat Mater 12:991–1003
Nam K, Nam HY, Kim PH, Kim SW (2012) Paclitaxel-conjugated PEG and argininegrafted bioreducible poly (disulfide amine) micelles for co-delivery of drug and gene. Biomaterials 33:8122–8130
Nguyen HT, Tran TH, Thapa RK, Pham TT, Jeong JH, Youn YS, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2017) Incorporation of chemotherapeutic agent and photosensitizer in a low temperature-sensitive liposome for effective chemo-hyperthermic anticancer activity. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 14:155–164
Nie J, Wang Y, Wang W (2016) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of stimuli-responsive vesicle from PEGylated hyperbranched PAMAM-doxorubicin conjugate for gastric cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 509:168–177
Oh Y, Moorthy MS, Manivasagan P, Bharathiraja S, Oh J (2017) Magnetic hyperthermia and pH-responsive effective drug delivery to the sub-cellular level of human breast cancer cells by modified CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Biochimie 133:7–19
Owens DE, Peppas NA (2006) Opsonization, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of polymeric nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 307:93–102
Pang Y, Liu J, Su Y, Wu J, Zhu L, Zhu X, Yan D, Zhu B (2011) Design and synthesis of thermo-responsive hyperbranched poly(amine-ester)s as acid-sensitive drug carriers. Polym Chem 2:1661–1670
Paris JL, Cabañas MV, Manzano M, Vallet-Regí M (2015) Polymer-grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticles as ultrasound-responsive drug carriers. ACS Nano 9:11023–11033
Park JW, Bae KH, Kim C, Park TG (2010) Clustered magnetite nanocrystals cross-linked with PEI for efficient siRNA delivery. Biomacromolecules 12:457–465
Park JY, Kim MG, Shim G, Oh YK (2017a) Lipid-based antigen delivery systems. J Pharm Investig 46:295–304
Park OK, Yu G, Jung H, Mok H (2017b) Recent studies on micro-nano-sized biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy. J Pharm Investig 47:11–18
Perche F, Torchilin VP (2013) Recent trends in multifunctional liposomal nanocarriers for enhanced tumor targeting. J Drug Deliv 705265
Plassat V, Wilhelm C, Marsaud V, Gazeau F, Renoir JM, Lesieur S (2011) Anti-estrogen-loaded superparamagnetic liposomes for intracellular magnetic targeting and treatment of breast cancer tumors. Adv Funct Mater 21:83–92
Pompella A, Visvikis A, Paolicchi A, Tata VD, Casini AF (2003) The changing faces of glutathione, a cellular protagonist. Biochem Pharmacol 66:1499–1503
Pradhan R, Ramasamy T, Choi JY, Kim JH, Poudal BK, Tak JW, Nukolova N, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2015) Hyaluronic acid-decorated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for combined delivery of docetaxel and tanespimycin. Carbohydr Polym 123:313–323
Preiss MR, Bothun GD (2011) Stimuli–responsive liposome–nanoparticle assemblies”. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 8:1025–1040
Qin J, Asempah I, Laurent S, Fornara A, Muller RN, Muhammed M (2009) Injectable superparamagnetic ferrogels for controlled release of hydrophobic drugs. Adv Mater 21:1354–1357
Qin SY, Zhang AQ, Cheng SX, Rong L, Zhang XZ (2017) Drug self-delivery systems for cancer therapy. Biomaterials 112:234–247
Ramasamy T, Kim JH, Choi JY, Tran TH, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2014a) pH sensitive polyelectrolyte complex micelles for highly effective combination chemotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2:6324–6333
Ramasamy T, Tran TH, Choi JY, Cho HJ, Kim JH, Yong CS, Choi HG, Kim JO (2014b) Layer-by-layer coated lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles designed for use in anticancer drug delivery. Carbohyd Polym 102:653–661
Ramasamy T, Haidar ZS, Tran TH, Choi JY, Jeong JH, Shin BS, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2014c) Layer-by-layer assembly of liposomal nanoparticles with PEGylated polyelectrolytes enhances systemic delivery of multiple anticancer drugs. Acta Biomater 10:5116–5127
Ramasamy T, Choi JY, Cho HJ, Umadevi SK, Shin BS, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2015a) Polypeptide-based micelles for delivery of irinotecan: physicochemical and in vivo characterization. Pharm Res 32:1947–1956
Ramasamy T, Ruttala HB, Choi JY, Tran TH, Kim JH, Ku SK, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2015b) Engineering of a lipid-polymer nanoarchitectural platform for highly effective combination therapy of doxorubicin and irinotecan. Chem Commun 51:5758–5761
Ramasamy T, Poudel BK, Ruttala HB, Choi JY, Hieu TD, Umadevi K, Youn YS, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2016) Cationic drug-based self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex micelles: physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and anticancer activity analysis. Colloids Surf, B 146:152–160
Ramasamy T, Ruttala HB, Chitrapriya N, Poudal BK, Choi JY, Kim ST, Youn YS, Ku SK, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2017a) Engineering of cell microenvironment-responsive polypeptide nanovehicle co-encapsulating a synergistic combination of small molecules for effective chemotherapy in solid tumors. Acta Biomater 48:131–143
Ramasamy T, Ruttala HB, Gupta B, Poudel BK, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2017b) Smart chemistry-based nanosized drug delivery systems for systemic applications: a comprehensive review. J Control Release 258:226–253
Ramasamy T, Sundaramoorthy P, Ruttala HB, Choi Y, Shin WH, Jeong JH, Ku SK, Choi HG, Kim HM, Yong CS, Kim JO (2017c) Polyunsaturated fatty acid-based targeted nanotherapeutics to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of docetaxel. Drug Delivery 24:1262–1272
Rejinold NS, Baby T, Chennazhi KP, Jayakumar R (2014) Dual drug encapsulated thermo-sensitive fibrinogen-graft-poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) nanogels for breast cancer therapy. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 114:209–217
Ruoslahti E (2017) Tumor penetrating peptides for improved drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 110–111:3–12
Ruttala HB, Ko YT (2015a) Liposome encapsulated albumin-paclitaxel nanoparticle for enhanced antitumor efficacy. Pharm Res 32:1002–1016
Ruttala HB, Ko YT (2015b) Liposomal co-delivery of curcumin and albumin/paclitaxel nanoparticle for enhanced synergistic antitumor efficacy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 128:419–426
Ruttala HB, Ramasamy T, Shin BS, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2017a) Layer-by-layer assembly of hierarchical nanoarchitectures to enhance the systemic performance of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel. Int J Pharm 519:11–21
Ruttala HB, Ramasamy T, Poudal BK, Choi Y, Choi JY, Kim J, Ku SK, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2017b) Molecularly targeted co-delivery of a histone deacetylase inhibitor and paclitaxel by lipid-protein hybrid nanoparticles for synergistic combinational chemotherapy. Oncotarget 8:14925–14940
Ruttala HB, Ramasamy T, Gupta B, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2017c) Multiple polysaccharide-drug complex-loaded liposomes: a unique strategy in drug loading and cancer targeting. Carbohydr Polym 173:57–66
Ruttala HB, Chitrapriya N, Kaliraj K, Ramasamy T, Shin WH, Jeong JH, Kim JR, Ku SK, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2017d) Facile construction of bioreducible crosslinked polypeptide micelles for enhanced cancer combination therapy. Acta Biomater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.002
Ryu JH, Chacko RT, Jiwpanich S, Bickerton S, Babu RP, Thayumanavan S (2010) Self-cross-linked polymer nanogels: a versatile nanoscopic drug delivery platform. J Am Chem Soc 132:17227–17235
Saito G, Swanson JA, Lee KD (2003) Drug delivery strategy utilizing conjugation via reversible disulfide linkages: role and site of cellular reducing activities. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 55:199–215
Samarajeewa S, Shrestha R, Elsabahy M, Karwa A, Li A, Zentay RP, Kostelc JG, Dorshow RB, Wooley KL (2013) In Vitro efficacy of paclitaxel-loaded dual-responsive shell cross-linked polymer nanoparticles having orthogonally degradable disulfide cross-linked corona and polyester core domains. Mol Pharm 10:1092–1099
Sarisozen C, Pan J, Dutta I, Torchilin VP (2017) Polymers in the co-delivery of siRNA and anticancer drugs to treat multidrug-resistant tumors. J Pharm Investig 47:37–49
Sawant RR, Sriraman SK, Navarro G, Biswas S, Dalvi RA, Torchilin VP (2012) Polyethyleneimine-lipid conjugate-based pH-sensitive micellar carrier for gene delivery. Biomaterials 33:3942–3951
Shim MS, Xia Y (2013) A reactive oxygen species (ros)-responsive polymer for safe, efficient, and targeted gene delivery in cancer cells. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:6926–6929
Shim T, Lim C, Hoang NH, Joo H, Lee JW, Kim DW, Lee ES, Youn YS, Kim JO, Oh KT (2016) Nanomedicines for oral administration based on diverse nanoplatform. J Pharm Investig 46:351–362
Singh A, Dilnawaz F, Mewar S, Sharma U, Jagannathan NR, Sahoo SK (2011) Composite polymeric magnetic nanoparticles for co-delivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic anticancer drugs and MRI imaging for cancer therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3:842–856
Slemming-Adamsen P, Song J, Dong M, Besenbacher F, Chen M (2015) In situ cross-linked pnipam/gelatin nanofibers for thermo-responsive drug release. Macromol Mater Eng 300:1226–1231
Slowing II, Vivero-Escoto JL, Wu CW, Lin VS (2008) Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as controlled release drug delivery and gene transfection carriers. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 60:1278–1288
Song X, Wen Y, Zhu JL, Zhao F, Zhang Z, Li J (2016) Thermoresponsive delivery of paclitaxel by cyclodextrin-based poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) star polymer via inclusion complexation. Biomacromolecules 17:3957–3963
Stacker SA, William SP, Karnezis T, Shyan R, Fox SB, Achen MG (2014) Lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel remodelling in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 14:159–172
Sun J, Chen X, Lu T, Liu S, Tian H, Guo Z, Jing X (2008) Formation of reversible shell cross-linked micelles from the biodegradable amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(l-cysteine)-block-poly(L-lactide). Langmuir 24:10099–10106
Sundaramoorthy P, Ramasamy T, Mishra SK, Jeong KY, Yong CS, Kim JO, Kim HM (2016) Engineering of caveolae-specific self-micellizing anticancer lipid nanoparticles to enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cells. Acta Biomater 42:220–231
Tachibana K, Uchida T, Tamura K, Eguchi H, Yamashita N, Ogawa K (2000) Enhanced cytotoxic effect of Ara-C by low intensity ultrasound to HL-60 cells. Cancer Lett 149:189–194
Teo JY, Chin W, Ke X, Gao S, Liu S, Cheng W, Hedrick JL, Yang YY (2017) pH and redox dual-responsive biodegradable polymeric micelles with high drug loading for effective anticancer drug delivery. Nanomedicine 13:431–442
Tong R, Hemmati HD, Langer R, Kohane DS (2012) Photoswitchable nanoparticles for triggered tissue penetration and drug delivery. J Am Chem Soc 134:8848–8855
Tran TH, Bae BC, Lee YK, Na K, Huh KM (2013) Heparin–folate–retinoic acid bioconjugates for targeted delivery of hydrophobic photosensitizers. Carbohydr Polym 92:1615–1624
Tran TH, Ramasamy T, Choi JY, Nguyen HT, Pham TT, Jeong JH, Ku SK, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO (2015) Tumor-targeting, pH-sensitive nanoparticles for docetaxel delivery to drug-resistant cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 10:5249–5262
Tran TH, Thapa RK, Nguyen HT, Pham TT, Ramasamy T, Kim DS, Yong CS, Kim JO, Choi HG (2016) Combined phototherapy in anti-cancer treatment: therapeutics design and perspectives. J Pharm Investig 46:505–517
Vicent MJ, Greco F, Nicholson RI, Paul A, Griffiths PC, Duncan R (2005) Polymer therapeutics designed for a combination therapy of hormone-dependent cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed 117:4129–4134
Wan Y, Han J, Fan G, Zhang Z, Gong T, Sun X (2013) Enzyme-responsive liposomes modified adenoviral vectors for enhanced tumor cell transduction and reduced immunogenicity. Biomaterials 34:3020–3030
Wang YC, Li Y, Sun TM, Xiong MH, Wu J, Yang YY, Wang J (2010a) Core-shell-corona micelle stabilized by reversible cross-linkage for intracellular drug delivery. Macromol Rapid Commun 31:1201–1206
Wang Y, Han P, Xu H, Wang Z, Zhang X, Kabanov AV (2010b) Photocontrolled selfassembly and disassembly of block ionomer complex vesicles: a facile approach toward supramolecular polymer nanocontainers. Langmuir 26:709–715
Wang P, Yin T, Li J, Zheng B, Wang X, Wang Y, Zheng J, Zheng R, Shuai X (2016) Ultrasound-responsive microbubbles for sonography-guided 2 siRNA delivery. Nanomedicine 12:1139–1149
Wang D, Jin Y, Zhu X, Yan D (2017a) Synthesis and applications of stimuli-responsive hyperbranched polymers. Prog Polym Sci 64:114–153
Wang C, Zhang G, Liu G, Hu J, Liu S (2017b) Photo- and thermo-responsive multicompartment hydrogels for synergistic delivery of gemcitabine and doxorubicin. J Control Release 259:149–159
Wang M, Liu Y, Zhang X, Luo L, Li L, Xing S, He Y, Cao w, Zhu R, Gao D (2017) Gold nanoshell coated thermo-pH dual responsive liposomes for resveratrol delivery and chemophotothermal synergistic cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 5: 2161
Wright ER, Conticello VP (2002) Self-assembly of block copolymers derived from elastin-mimetic polypeptide sequences. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 54:1057–1073
Wu H, Zhu L, Torchilin VP (2013) pH-sensitive poly(histidine)-PEG/DSPE-PEG co-polymer micelles for cytosolic drug delivery. Biomaterials 34:1213–1222
Xin Y, Huang Q, Tang JQ, Hou XY, Zhang P, Zhang LZ, Jiang G (2016) Nanoscale drug delivery for targeted chemotherapy. Cancer Lett 379:24–31
Xing H, Zhang CL, Ruan G, Zhang J, Hwang K, Lu Y (2016) Multimodal detection of a small molecule target using stimuli-responsive liposome triggered by aptamer-enzyme conjugate.Chemistry 88: 1506–1510
Xu JH, Gao FP, Li LL, Ma HL, Fan YS, Liu W, Guo SS (2013) Gelatin–mesoporous silica nanoparticles as matrix metalloproteinases-degradable drug delivery systems in vivo. Micropor Mesopor Mat 182:165–172
Xu Z, Wang D, Xu S, Liu X, Zhang X, Zhang H (2014) Preparation of a camptothecin prodrug with glutathione-responsive disulfide linker for anticancer drug delivery. Chem Asian J 9:199–205
Yang HW, Hua MY, Liu HL, Huang CY, Tsai RY, Lu YJ, Tang HJ, Hsien HY, Chang YS (2011a) Self-protecting core–shell magnetic nanoparticles for targeted, traceable, long half-life delivery of BCNU to gliomas. Biomaterials 32:6523–6532
Yang Y, Aw J, Chen K, Liu F, Padmanabhan P, Hou Y, Cheng Z, Xing B (2011b) Enzyme-responsive multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles for tumor intracellular drug delivery and imaging. Chem Asian J 6:1381–1389
Yang G, Sun X, Liu J, Feng L, Li Z (2016) Light-responsive, singlet-oxygen-triggered on-demand drug release from photosensitizer-doped mesoporous silica nanorods for cancer combination therapy. Adv Funct Mater 26:4722–4732
Yin Q, Shen J, Chen L, Zhang Z, Gu W, Li Y (2012) Overcoming multidrug resistance by co-delivery of Mdr-1 and survivin-targeting RNA with reduction-responsible cationic poly(β-amino esters). Biomaterials 33:6495–6506
Yu L, Zhang H, Ding JD (2006) A subtle end-group effect on macroscopic physical gelation of triblock copolymer aqueous solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed 45:2232–2235
Yu H, Xu Z, Chen X, Xu L, Yin Q, Zhang Z, Li Y (2014) Reversal of lung cancer multidrug resistance by pH-responsive micelleplexes mediating co-delivery of siRNA and paclitaxel. Macromol Biosci 14:100–109
Yuan Q, Zhang Y, Chen T, Lu D, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Li Z, Yan CH, Tan W (2012) Photon-manipulated drug release from a mesoporous nanocontainer controlled by azobenzene-modified nucleic acid. ACS Nano 6:6337–6344
Zhang B, Jia F, Fleming MQ, Mallapragada SK (2012a) Injectable self-assembled block copolymers for sustained gene and drug co-delivery: an in vitro study. Int J Pharm 427:88–96
Zhang L, Wang T, Yang L, Liu C, Wang C, Liu H, Wang YA, Su Z (2012b) General route to multifunctional uniform yolk/mesoporous silica shell nanocapsules: a platform for simultaneous cancer-targeted imaging and magnetically guided drug delivery. Chem Eur J 18:12512–12521
Zhang Y, Xiao C, Li M, Chen J, Ding J, He C, Zhuang X, Chen X (2013) Co-delivery of 10-hydroxycamptothecin with doxorubicin conjugated prodrugs for enhanced anticancer efficacy. Macromol Biosci 13:584–594
Zhang X, Liu B, Yang Z, Zhang C, Li H, Luo X, Luo H, Gao D, Jiang Q, Liu J, Jiang Z (2014) Micelles of enzymatically synthesized PEG-poly(amine-co-ester) block copolymers as pH-responsive nanocarriers for docetaxel delivery. Coll Surf B 115:349–358
Zhang C, Zhang J, Shi G, Song H, Shi S, Zhang X, Huang P, Wang Z, Wang W, Wang C, Kong D, Li C (2017) A light responsive nanoparticle-based delivery system using pheophorbide a graft polyethylenimine for dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Mol Pharm 14:1760–1770
Zhao Y, Fan X, Liu D, Wang Z (2011) PEGylated thermo-sensitive poly(amidoamine) dendritic drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 409:229–236
Zhao M, Liu Y, Hsieh RS, Wang N, Tai W, Joo KI, Wang P, Gu Z, Tang Y (2014) Clickable protein nanocapsules for targeted delivery of recombinant p53 protein. J Am Chem Soc 136:15319–15325
Zhu L, Kate P, Torchilin VP (2012) Matrix metalloprotease 2-responsive multifunctional liposomal nanocarrier for enhanced tumor targeting. ACS Nano 6:3491–3498
Zhu L, Wang T, Perche F, Taigind A, Torchilin VP (2013) Enhanced anticancer activity of nanopreparation containing an MMP2-sensitive PEG-drug conjugate and cell-penetrating moiety. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 110:17047–17052
Zhu X, Sun Y, Li W (2016) Anti-tumor nano immunotherapy based on elaborate carriers tailoring. Nanomedicine 12:482
Zong W, Hu Y, Su Y, Luo N, Zhang X, Li Q, Han X (2016) Polydopamine-coated liposomes as pH-sensitive anticancer drug carriers. Microencapsul 33:257–262
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. 2015R1A2A2A01004118, 2015R1A2A2A04004806), and a grant (16173MFDS542) from Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2016.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ruttala, H.B., Ramasamy, T., Madeshwaran, T. et al. Emerging potential of stimulus-responsive nanosized anticancer drug delivery systems for systemic applications. Arch. Pharm. Res. 41, 111–129 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-017-0995-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-017-0995-x