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Re-evaluation of Monohaploid Solanum verrucosum and S. bulbocastanum (2n = x = 12) and Dihaploid S. stoloniferum and S. acaule (2n = 2x = 24), All Derived from Anther Culture

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Abstract

Haploids have often been used to simplify the genetic complexity of potato due to its high heterozygosity and autotetraploidy. We maintained some haploid plants of wild potato species in vitro that were produced through anther culture almost a half century ago. Among them, a diploid Solanum bulbocastanum and its monohaploid, three monohaploids of S. verrucosum, a disomic tetraploid S. stoloniferum and its dihaploid (all Mexican species) and a dihaploid of the disomic tetraploid S. acaule (South American species) were analyzed morphologically, cytologically and by molecular markers. Their species identity and ploidy levels were confirmed to be correct except for those of a monoploid S. bulbocastanum, which had already experienced natural chromosome doubling. The monohaploids and chromosome-doubled monohaploid were all homozygous in 19,889 SNP loci surveyed. Two of three monohaploids of S. verrucosum were morphologically different but similar by SNP analysis. Most of the heterozygous loci of the tetraploid S. stoloniferum were in a duplex condition. The heterozygous loci of the dihaploid S. stoloniferum were mostly duplexed in the tetraploid S. stoloniferum, suggesting that the alleles are fixed in homoeologous loci. Therefore, each of these haploid-plant genomes is homozygous and is suitable for whole-genome sequencing.

Resumen

Los haploides se han utilizado con frecuencia para simplificar la complejidad genética de la papa debido a su alta heterocigosidad y autotetraploidía. Mantuvimos algunas plantas haploides de especies silvestres de papa in vitro que se produjeron a través del cultivo de anteras hace casi medio siglo. Entre ellas, un diploide de Solanum bulbocastanum y su monohaploide, tres monohaploides de S. verrucosum, un tetraploide disómico de S. stoloniferum y su dihaploide (todas especies mexicanas) y un dihaploide del tetraploide disómico S. acaule (especie sudamericana). Se analizaron morfológicamente, citológicamente y por marcadores moleculares. Se confirmó que su identidad de especie y sus niveles de ploidía eran correctos, excepto los de una monoploide de S. bulbocastanum, que ya había experimentado la duplicación natural de cromosomas. Los monohaploides y el monohaploide doblado cromosómico fueron todos homocigotos en 19,889 loci SNP analizados. Dos de los tres monohaploides de S. verrucosum eran morfológicamente diferentes pero similares según el análisis de SNP. La mayoría de los loci heterocigotos del tetraploide S. stoloniferum estaban en una condición de duplicidad. Los loci heterocigotos del dihaploide S. stoloniferum fueron en su mayoría duplicados en el tetraploide S. stoloniferum, sugiriendo que los alelos se fijan en loci homólogos. Por lo tanto, cada uno de estos genomas de plantas haploides es homocigoto y es adecuado para la secuenciación completa del genoma.

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Acknowledgements

I thank E. Kakuta and W. Takenaka for the maintenance of the in vitro plants. This research was financially supported in part by a JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research for Young Scientists (Grant Number JP19K15813) and by Calbee Inc., Hokkaido Potato Growers Association, Kewpie Corp., KENKO Mayonnaise Co., Ltd., and the Japan Snack Cereal Foods Association.

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  1. Potato Germplasm Enhancement Laboratory, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan

    Rena Sanetomo & Kazuyoshi Hosaka

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RS and KH conducted entire experiments and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kazuyoshi Hosaka.

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This paper is dedicated to late Dr. Yukio Irikura (died at the age of 72 on June 1, 2002), who created most of the plant materials used in this study. The Hawkes (1990) classification system is tentatively adopted throughout the text.

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Sanetomo, R., Hosaka, K. Re-evaluation of Monohaploid Solanum verrucosum and S. bulbocastanum (2n = x = 12) and Dihaploid S. stoloniferum and S. acaule (2n = 2x = 24), All Derived from Anther Culture. Am. J. Potato Res. 98, 333–343 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-021-09847-y

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