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A Historical Look at Russet Burbank Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Quality Under Different Storage Regimes

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Abstract

Russet Burbank is the predominant potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar grown and stored for fresh market and frozen processing (French fry) use in North America. Multi-year assessments of potato tuber quality under different storage regimes can provide information about a cultivar’s ability to retain process quality when challenged with seasonal variations across multiple years. The objective of a 15-year study initiated in 1999 was to evaluate the quality of Russet Burbank tubers grown and stored at the Kimberly Research and Extension Center. Potatoes were measured for specific gravity at harvest and stored for eight months under three temperatures (5.6, 7.2 and 8.9 °C) and periodically sampled throughout the storage season to determine dormancy length, sugar content, fry color and mottling severity (a quality issue), and weight loss. The year in which the crop was grown significantly (p < 0.001) affected all quality characteristics except specific gravity (average ranged between 1.071 and 1.081). Tubers held during the 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 storage seasons exhibited generally higher glucose, darker fry color, more severe mottling, and higher weight loss. Average sucrose content at 7.2 °C and 8.9 °C across the 15 years significantly decreased over the eight-month storage while average glucose content remained consistent after first month of storage. Average percent weight loss across the 15 years was 6.1 % after eight months in storage. This 15-year study emphasized that variation of post-harvest storage quality from year to year was likely a result of variable seasonal growing conditions. Storage temperatures between 7.2 and 8.9 °C were the optimum range for storing fry processing Russet Burbank potatoes and the warmer temperature of 8.9 °C appears to ameliorate the seasonal effects on glucose content and fry color to maintain better processing quality throughout storage.

Resumen

Russet Burbank es la variedad predominante de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) que se cultiva y se almacena paras mercado fresco y procesamiento congelado (papas a la francesa) en Norteamérica. Evaluaciones multianuales de la calidad del tubérculo de papa bajo diferentes regímenes de almacenamiento pueden proporcionar información acerca de la habilidad de una variedad para retener la calidad de proceso cuando se le enfrenta a variaciones de ciclos de cultivo a lo largo de muchos años. El objetivo de un estudio de 15 años, iniciado en 1999 fue evaluar la calidad de los tubérculos de Russet Burbank cultivados y almacenados en el Centro Kimberly de Investigación y Extensión. A las papas se les cuantificó la gravedad específica a la cosecha y se almacenaron por ocho meses bajo tres temperaturas (5.6, 7.2, y 8.9 °C) y se muestrearon periódicamente a lo largo del período de almacenamiento, para determinar la longitud de la dormancia, contenido de azúcar, color del freído, severidad de moteado (un aspecto de calidad), y pérdida de peso. El año en el que creció el cultivo afectó significativamente (p < 0.001) todas las características de calidad excepto la gravedad específica (el promedio fluctuó entre 1.071 y 1.081). Los tubérculos de los períodos de almacenamiento 2011–2012 y 2013–2014, exhibieron generalmente glucosa más alta, color más oscuro de freído, moteado más severo y pérdida de peso más alta. El contenido promedio de sacarosa a 7.2 °C y 8.9 °C a lo largo de los 15 años disminuyó significativamente sobre el almacenamiento de ocho meses, mientras que el contenido promedio de glucosa permaneció consistente después del primer mes de almacenamiento. El promedio de porcentaje de pérdida de peso a lo largo de los 15 años fue 6.1 % después de ocho meses en almacén. Este estudio de los 15 años enfatizó que la variación de la calidad en el almacenamiento postcosecha de año a año era probablemente el resultado de las variaciones estacionales de las condiciones de crecimiento. Las temperaturas de almacenamiento entre 7.2 °C y 8.9 °C fueron la amplitud óptima para procesamiento de frituras de papas Russet Burbank, y las temperaturas más cálidas de 8.9 °C parecen mejorar los efectos estacionales del contenido de glucosa y color de freído para mantener mejor calidad de proceso a lo largo del almacenamiento.

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Abbreviations

LTS:

Low-temperature sweetening

FW:

Fresh weight

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Gale Kleinkopf, an emeritus professor at the Kimberly R&E Center of University of Idaho, for initiating this study, and support staff at KREC for providing field and lab work assistance. The authors also thank the Idaho Potato Commission and Northwest Potato Consortium for providing funds for the project.

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Correspondence to Yi Wang.

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Wang, Y., Brandt, T.L. & Olsen, N.L. A Historical Look at Russet Burbank Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Quality Under Different Storage Regimes. Am. J. Potato Res. 93, 474–484 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-016-9524-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-016-9524-6

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