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Cello-oligosaccharides and Xylooligosaccharides Production by a Combination of Mechanical, Chemical, and Enzymatic Treatments of Banana Pseudostem and Leaves and Guava Bagasse

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Abstract

This study proposes the use of banana pseudostem and leaves and guava bagasse, waste generated in excess in fruit growing, for the production of cello-oligosaccharides (COS), compounds of industrial interest with potential health benefits. The objective was to reduce the recalcitrance of these biomasses through physical and chemical processes. Initially, all biomasses (untreated and chemically pretreated with sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, sodium, and potassium hydroxide) were subjected to the action of endoglucanase enzyme (20, 50, and 100 IU/g) to determine the optimal condition. Subsequently, the biomasses were hydrolyzed with 30 IU/g of endoxylanase for 24 h and 20 IU/g of endoglucanase for 6 h. The second stage was carried out under the same conditions mentioned earlier but with the biomasses previously ground in a ball mill. The highest cellulose to COS conversion was 79.73%, achieved from banana leaves, with 20% sodium hydroxide (w/w) at 121 °C/30 min, ball milled, and hydrolyzed with xylanase and endoglucanase. The highest COS yields for banana pseudostem and guava bagasse were 53.05% and 59.99%, respectively, using alkali. The removal of xylan leads to more accessibility of cellulose to endoglucanase action. In addition to obtaining COS, xylooligosaccharides (XOS) were also produced in this process, both with the potential for industrial applications, mainly due to their prebiotic action. In general, the best results were obtained with alkaline pretreatments and always with endoxylanase before endoglucanase. Ball milling was beneficial only for materials pretreated with sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide.

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Data Availability

The data of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Brazilian Improvement Coordination of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (process number 303039/2021-2), and São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, process number 2017/22401-8) for its financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, 13500-230, Brazil

    Carolina Froes Forsan, Caroline de Freitas & Michel Brienzo

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  1. Carolina Froes Forsan
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  2. Caroline de Freitas
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  3. Michel Brienzo
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Carolina Froes Forsan and Michel Brienzo. Caroline de Freitas reviewed the material. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Carolina Froes Forsan and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Michel Brienzo.

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Forsan, C.F., de Freitas, C. & Brienzo, M. Cello-oligosaccharides and Xylooligosaccharides Production by a Combination of Mechanical, Chemical, and Enzymatic Treatments of Banana Pseudostem and Leaves and Guava Bagasse. Bioenerg. Res. 17, 129–144 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-023-10688-2

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