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Spatial variability in aerosol composition and its seawater acidification potential in coastal waters of the western coastal Bay of Bengal

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Abstract

Deposition of atmospheric dust is reported to acidify surface waters in the northern Bay of Bengal (BoB). To examine the spatial variability in content and composition of total suspended matter (TSP), aerosol samples were collected at four locations (Damra, Chilika, Vizag and Chennai) along the east coast of India in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) to evaluate its impact on pH of surface waters due to deposition on surface waters using microcosm experiments. The concentration of total suspended matter (TSP) and [SO42– + NO3–] increased from southern (146 and 6.16 µg m–3, respectively) to northern coastal BoB (197 and 34.57 µg m–3, respectively) due to the influence of pollutants from Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in the north and dominant marine sources in the southern coastal BoB. The ionic balance in aerosols suggested that acidification potential (neutralization potential) increased (decreased) from southern to northern BoB. The dissolution of aerosols in surface seawater lowered pH by 0.018 ± 0.002 to 0.135 ± 0.005 in the coastal BoB with a higher decrease in the north than south. Our study suggests that aerosol dissolution in seawater results in ocean acidification in proportion to acidic anions (e.g., SO42–, NO3–). In addition, organic acids, such as carboxylic acids, aromatic (Benzoic acid) and hydroxy acids (Lactic and glycolic acids) also contribute significantly to ocean acidification and their contribution needs further evaluation.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Director and Scientist-in-Charge for their support and encouragement. We like to express our gratitude to the Chief Scientist (Dr T N R Srinivas), other participants and the ship’s crew of SSK 101 for their help during sampling. We would like to thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for funding. VRK would like to thank University Grants Commission (UGC) for funding. We thank anonymous reviewers for their critical evaluation of the manuscript and comments to improve the presentation of the manuscript. This work was carried out as a part of the project entitled Comprehensive assessment of the rate of ocean acidification and their drivers along the east coast of India (CORRODE), sponsored by Central Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Earth Sciences. This has NIO contribution number 6945.

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  1. CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, 176 Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam, 530 017, India

    V R Kumari, V V S S Sarma & M D Kumar

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V R Kumari: Collection of samples, analysis of elemental composition, graphical representation, finalization of draft. V V S S Sarma: Conceptualization, funding, graphical representation writing of the original draft and finalization. M Dileep Kumar: Editing the draft and finalization.

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Communicated by Suresh Babu

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Kumari, V.R., Sarma, V.V.S.S. & Kumar, M.D. Spatial variability in aerosol composition and its seawater acidification potential in coastal waters of the western coastal Bay of Bengal. J Earth Syst Sci 131, 251 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-01996-w

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