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Physical Exercise as a Modulator of Vascular Pathology and Thrombin Generation to Improve Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury

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A Correction to this article was published on 21 January 2022

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Abstract

Disruption of the blood–brain barrier and occurrence of coagulopathy after traumatic brain injury (TBI) have important implications for multiple secondary injury processes. Given the extent of post-traumatic changes in neuronal function, significant alterations in some targets, such thrombin (a protease that plays a physiological role in maintaining blood coagulation), play an important role in TBI-induced pathophysiology. Despite the magnitude of thrombin in synaptic plasticity being concentration-dependent, the mechanisms underlying TBI have not been fully elucidated. The understanding of this post-injury neurovascular dysregulation is essential to establish scientific-based rehabilitative strategies. One of these strategies may be supporting physical exercise, considering its relevance in reducing damage after a TBI. However, there are caveats to consider when interpreting the effect of physical exercise on neurovascular dysregulation after TBI. To complete this picture, this review will describe how the interactions established between blood-borne factors (such as thrombin) and physical exercise alter the TBI pathophysiology.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center in Natural and Exact Sciences, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Willian Link Papalia, Núbia Broetto, Luiz Fernando Freire Royes & Michele Rechia Fighera

  2. Physical Education and Sports Center, Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory (BIOEX), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Willian Link Papalia, Alexandre Seixas Nascimento, Núbia Broetto, Luiz Fernando Freire Royes & Michele Rechia Fighera

  3. Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Gokul Krishna

  4. Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    Núbia Broetto & Michele Rechia Fighera

  5. Health Sciences Center, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Ana Flavia Furian & Mauro Schneider Oliveira

Authors
  1. Alexandre Seixas Nascimento
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  2. Gokul Krishna
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  3. Núbia Broetto
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  4. Ana Flavia Furian
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  5. Mauro Schneider Oliveira
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  6. Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
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  7. Michele Rechia Fighera
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Contributions

Idea for the article: MF and LFR; literature search and analysis: WP, AN, and KG; drafted and developed the framework for the work: WP, KG, NB, LFR, and MF; tables, figures, and reference management: WP and AN; critically revised: NB, AF, MS, LFR, and MF. All authors read and approved the final version of this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Michele Rechia Fighera.

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Papalia, W.L., Nascimento, A.S., Krishna, G. et al. Physical Exercise as a Modulator of Vascular Pathology and Thrombin Generation to Improve Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 59, 1124–1138 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-021-02639-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-021-02639-9

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