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Emerging Trends of Gold Nanostructures for Point-of-Care Biosensor-Based Detection of COVID-19

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Abstract

In 2019, a worldwide pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged. SARS-CoV-2 is the deadly microorganism responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has caused millions of deaths and irreversible health problems worldwide. To restrict the spread of SARS-CoV-2, accurate detection of COVID-19 is essential for the identification and control of infected cases. Although recent detection technologies such as the real-time polymerase chain reaction delivers an accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, they require a long processing duration, expensive equipment, and highly skilled personnel. Therefore, a rapid diagnosis with accurate results is indispensable to offer effective disease suppression. Nanotechnology is the backbone of current science and technology developments including nanoparticles (NPs) that can biomimic the corona and develop deep interaction with its proteins because of their identical structures on the nanoscale. Various NPs have been extensively applied in numerous medical applications, including implants, biosensors, drug delivery, and bioimaging. Among them, point-of-care biosensors mediated with gold nanoparticles (GNPSs) have received great attention due to their accurate sensing characteristics, which are widely used in the detection of amino acids, enzymes, DNA, and RNA in samples. GNPS have reconstructed the biomedical application of biosensors because of its outstanding physicochemical characteristics. This review provides an overview of emerging trends in GNP-mediated point-of-care biosensor strategies for diagnosing various mutated forms of human coronaviruses that incorporate different transducers and biomarkers. The review also specifically highlights trends in gold nanobiosensors for coronavirus detection, ranging from the initial COVID-19 outbreak to its subsequent evolution into a pandemic.

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© 2022 Elsevier B.V.]; B Schematic presentation of the SERS-based apt sensor biosensors for the quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2. Cy3 Raman reporter conjugated on the ending of the aptamer DNAs and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (internal standard) are bonded on the surface of the gold nanopopcorns substrate [reprinted from Chen et al. with permission from ACS Sens © 2021 American Chemical Society]

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the editors and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of this article.

Funding

This research did not receive specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Author notes

  1. Akhilesh Kumar Yadav, Nagaraj Basavegowda and Rajkumar Sekar have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 413310, Taiwan

    Akhilesh Kumar Yadav

  2. Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India

    Akhilesh Kumar Yadav & Saba Shirin

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38451, Republic of Korea

    Nagaraj Basavegowda

  4. Department of Environmental Science, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201312, India

    Saba Shirin

  5. Bioengineering and Nano Medicine Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720, Tampere, Finland

    Shiji Raju

  6. Department of Chemistry, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chinna Kolambakkam, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603308, India

    Rajkumar Sekar

  7. Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, School of Civil, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Off. Jaipur-Ajmeer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India

    Prathap Somu

  8. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    U. T. Uthappa

  9. Department of Bioengineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India

    U. T. Uthappa

  10. Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran

    Gholamreza Abdi

Authors
  1. Akhilesh Kumar Yadav
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  2. Nagaraj Basavegowda
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  3. Saba Shirin
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  4. Shiji Raju
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  5. Rajkumar Sekar
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  6. Prathap Somu
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  7. U. T. Uthappa
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  8. Gholamreza Abdi
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Prathap Somu or Gholamreza Abdi.

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Yadav, A.K., Basavegowda, N., Shirin, S. et al. Emerging Trends of Gold Nanostructures for Point-of-Care Biosensor-Based Detection of COVID-19. Mol Biotechnol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-024-01157-y

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