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Metabolic and bone effects of high-fat diet in adult zebrafish

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Abstract

An increase of visceral fat affects human bone health causing fragility, mechanical strength reduction, and increased propensity to fractures because of impaired bone matrix microstructure and aberrant bone cell function. Adult Danio rerio (zebrafish) represents a powerful model to study both metabolic diseases and bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to generate an obese adult zebrafish by high-fat diet and evaluate metabolic and bone tissue effects. Fish blood glucose and insulin levels were found to be altered in high-fat diet fish revealing a failure in β-cells insulin production. Blood analysis of adipokines revealed significant alterations in adiponectin and leptin levels that are common in human and other obesity animal models. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), derived from hyperglycemia condition, were found to be altered too. All these alterations were associated with an impaired bone metabolism. The scales of high-fat diet fish shown bone resorption lacunae associated with an intense osteoclastic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased. These data suggest that an imbalance of fat metabolism alters energy metabolism generating an osteoporosis-like phenotype in adult zebrafish scales. The zebrafish obesity model can contribute to elucidate in vivo the molecular mechanisms of metabolic changes in human obese patients.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Ricerca Corrente funds of the Ministero della Salute (Italy).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato Foundation, Milan, Italy

    Marta Carnovali

  2. Policlinico San Donato IRCCS, Milan, Italy

    Livio Luzi

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Livio Luzi

  4. Diabetes Research Institute, Metabolism, Nutrigenomics and Cellular Differentiation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Ileana Terruzzi

  5. IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy

    Giuseppe Banfi & Massimo Mariotti

  6. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy

    Giuseppe Banfi

  7. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Massimo Mariotti

Authors
  1. Marta Carnovali
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  2. Livio Luzi
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  3. Ileana Terruzzi
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  4. Giuseppe Banfi
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  5. Massimo Mariotti
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Correspondence to Massimo Mariotti.

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Carnovali, M., Luzi, L., Terruzzi, I. et al. Metabolic and bone effects of high-fat diet in adult zebrafish. Endocrine 61, 317–326 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-017-1494-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-017-1494-z

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