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Role of Silver Nanoparticles for the Control of Anthelmintic Resistance in Small and Large Ruminants

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Abstract

Helminths are considered a significant threat to the livestock industry, as they cause substantial economic losses in small and large ruminant farming. Their morbidity and mortality rates are also increasing day by day as they have zoonotic importance. Anthelmintic drugs have been used for controlling these parasites; unfortunately, due to the development of resistance of these drugs in helminths (parasites), especially in three major classes like benzimidazoles, nicotinic agonists, and macrocyclic lactones, their use is becoming very low. Although new anthelmintics are being developed, the process is time-consuming and costly. As a result, nanoparticles are being explored as an alternative to anthelmintics. Nanoparticles enhance drug effectiveness, drug delivery, and target specificity and have no resistance against parasites. Different types of nanoparticles are used, such as organic (chitosan) and inorganic (gold, silver, zinc oxide, iron oxide, and nickel oxide). One of them, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), has unique properties in various fields, especially parasitology. AgNPs are synthesized from three primary methods: physical, chemical, and biological. Their primary mechanism of action is causing stress through the production of ROS that destroys cells, organs, proteins, and DNA parasites. The present review is about AgNPs, their mode of action, and their role in controlling anthelmintic resistance against small and large ruminants.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientifc Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Groups Project under grant number (RGP. 2/11/44).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Sahar Mustafa

  2. Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, 51452, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia

    Lafi M. Alharbi

  3. The National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Aswan, Egypt

    Mona Z. Abdelraheem

  4. Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Muhammad Mobashar

  5. Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Warda Qamar & Rao Zahid Abbas

  6. Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Amin A. Al-Doaiss

Authors
  1. Sahar Mustafa
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  2. Lafi M. Alharbi
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  3. Mona Z. Abdelraheem
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  4. Muhammad Mobashar
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  5. Warda Qamar
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  6. Amin A. Al-Doaiss
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  7. Rao Zahid Abbas
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Contributions

SM, LMA, MZA, MM, WQ, AAAD, and RZA contributed equally in conceptualization, data analysis, manuscript writing (original draft), and review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Warda Qamar.

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Mustafa, S., Alharbi, L.M., Abdelraheem, M.Z. et al. Role of Silver Nanoparticles for the Control of Anthelmintic Resistance in Small and Large Ruminants. Biol Trace Elem Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04132-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04132-5

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