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Assessing Metal Toxicity on Crustaceans in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Review

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Abstract

Residual concentrations of some trace elements and lightweight metals, including cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, silver, zinc, nickel, chromium, arsenic, gallium, indium, gold, cobalt, polonium, and thallium, are widely detected in aquatic ecosystems globally. Although their origin may be natural, human activities significantly elevate their environmental concentrations. Metals, renowned pollutants, threaten various organisms, particularly crustaceans. Due to their feeding habits and habitat, crustaceans are highly exposed to contaminants and are considered a crucial link in xenobiotic transfer through the food chain. Moreover, crustaceans absorb metals via their gills, crucial pathways for metal uptake in water. This review summarises the adverse effects of well-studied metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Zn, Ni, Cr, As, Co) and synthesizes knowledge on the toxicity of less-studied metals (Ag, Ga, In, Au, Pl, Tl), their presence in waters, and impact on crustaceans. Bibliometric analysis underscores the significance of this topic. In general, the toxic effects of the examined metals can decrease survival rates by inducing oxidative stress, disrupting biochemical balance, causing histological damage, interfering with endocrine gland function, and inducing cytotoxicity. Metal exposure can also result in genotoxicity, reduced reproduction, and mortality. Despite current toxicity knowledge, there remains a research gap in this field, particularly concerning the toxicity of rare earth metals, presenting a potential future challenge.

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Data Availability

Data will be made available on request.

Abbreviations

AChE:

Acetylcholinesterase

AER:

Ammonia-N excretion rate

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

Dw:

Dry weight

CAT:

Catalase

CE:

Carboxylesterase

CEA:

Cellular energy allocation

ETC:

Mitochondrial electron transport chain

GLU:

Glucose

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

GLY:

Glycogen

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GST:

Glutathione S transferase

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxidase

LC50:

Lethal concentration

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

LPO:

Lipid peroxidation

LZM:

Lysosome activity

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

NO:

Nitric oxide

O2 − :

Superoxide anion

OCR:

Oxygen consumption rate

PC:

Protein carbonyl

PO:

Phenoloxidase

PROT:

Protein content

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RR:

Respiratory rate

SDH:

Succinate dehydrogenase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

THC:

Total hemocyte count

WOS:

Web of science

Ww:

Wet weight

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran

    Mahdi Banaee & Amir Zeidi

  2. Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic

    Nikola Mikušková

  3. Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno, d’Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy

    Caterina Faggio

  4. Department of Eco-sustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy

    Caterina Faggio

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  4. Caterina Faggio
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [Mahdi Banaee] and [Amir Zeidi]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [Mahdi Banaee], [Amir Zeidi] and [Nikola Mikušková]. The manuscript was revised by [Caterina Faggio]. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Banaee, M., Zeidi, A., Mikušková, N. et al. Assessing Metal Toxicity on Crustaceans in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Review. Biol Trace Elem Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04122-7

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