Abstract
The contamination of seafood by heavy metals is a rising health issue in the context of pollution caused by increasing industrialization and urbanization. Crustaceans are particularly susceptible to heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems due to their benthic and sedimentary lifestyle. Here we review crustaceans contamination by heavy metals with a focus on metal sources and dynamics, interaction of metals with other pollutants, metal analysis, bioconcentration and bioaccumulation, toxicity, and strategies to control metals. We observed that crustaceans tend to accumulate more heavy metals than other aquatic animals. Consequently, in certain regions of the world, consuming crustaceans as food may potentially threaten human health. The bioavailability, transport, and interaction of heavy metals with other pollutants depend on various factors, potentially leading to differential toxicity. Heavy metals induce multiple toxic effects on crustaceans, including metabolic dysfunction, genotoxic effects, respiratory impairments, DNA damage, sperm mobility, and quantity, and these poisonous effects will intensify with prolonged exposure time and increasing concentration. The concentration of heavy metals in crustacean samples is usually determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry. Approaches to reducing this potential threat include proper industrial wastewater treatment and using low-cost adsorbent materials in aquaculture.
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Abbreviations
- AChE:
-
Acetylcholinesterase
- ACC:
-
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- AAS:
-
Atomic absorption spectrometry
- BBB:
-
Blood-brain barrier
- BChE:
-
Butyryl cholinesterase
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- DNA:
-
Deoxyribonucleic acid
- FAS:
-
Fatty acid synthase
- FAAS:
-
Flame atomic absorption spectrometry
- GPx:
-
Glutathione peroxidase
- GST:
-
Glutathione S-transferase
- GFAAS:
-
Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
- HSP70:
-
Heat shock protein 70
- Hb:
-
Hemoglobin
- HDL:
-
High-density lipoprotein
- ICP-MS:
-
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- ICP-OES:
-
Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
- LDH:
-
Lactate dehydrogenase
- LC50 :
-
Lethal concentration 50
- LPL:
-
Lipoprotein lipase
- LDL:
-
Low-density lipoprotein
- LDPE:
-
Low-density polyethylene
- MDA:
-
Malondialdehyde
- MTs:
-
Metallothioneins
- NADPH:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NAFLD:
-
Nonalcoholic fatty liver
- NASH:
-
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- OCR:
-
Oxygen consumption rate
- PE:
-
Polyethylene
- PET:
-
Polyethylene terephthalate
- PL:
-
Pancreatic lipase
- PLA:
-
Polylactic acid
- PP:
-
Polypropylene
- PVC:
-
Polyvinyl chloride
- POPs:
-
Persistent organic pollutants
- PChE:
-
Propionyl cholinesterase
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- RBCs:
-
Red blood cells
- RfD:
-
Reference dose
- RTW:
-
Relative testis weight
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- T-AOC:
-
Total antioxidant capacity
- THQ:
-
Total hazardous quotient
- TTHQ:
-
Total target hazard quotient
- TG:
-
Triglyceride
- Vg:
-
Vitellogenin
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This work was supported by the Program of Agricultural and Rural Department of Guangdong Province (Yuenongnonghan-2022-1144, 2022-SPY-00-014), the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province (STKJ202209029, 2023B0202010024, KTP20210376), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42306125), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515110488), and STU Scientific Research Initiation Grant (NTF21050).
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WW contributed to conceptualization, data curation methodology, and writing original draft, writing review and editing. YY contributed to conceptualization, methodology, funding acquisition, writing original draft, writing review and editing. SA contributed to methodology, software and writing-review and editing. MZ contributed to investigation, software and visualization. MS contributed to investigation, software and visualization. WA contributed to investigation, and writing-review and editing. YC contributed to investigation, and visualization. ZX contributed to investigation, and software. RC contributed to investigation, and software. MI contributed to conceptualization and methodology. HM contributed to conceptualization, data curation, funding acquisition, project administration, supervision, and writing-review and editing.
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Waqas, W., Yuan, Y., Ali, S. et al. Toxic effects of heavy metals on crustaceans and associated health risks in humans: a review. Environ Chem Lett 22, 1391–1411 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-024-01717-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-024-01717-3