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Conivaptan and Boric Acid Treatments in Acute Kidney Injury: Is This Combination Effective and Safe?

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Abstract

Acute kidney injury is still a worldwide clinic problem that affects kidney function and associated with high mortality risk. Unfortunately, approximately 1.7 million people are thought to die from acute kidney injury each year. Boron element is defined as an “essential trace element” for plants and thought to have a widespread role in living organisms. Boric acid, which is one of the important forms of boron, has been extensively discussed for both medicinal and nonmedicinal purposes. However, there is a lack of data in the literature to examine the relationship between boric acid and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) antagonism in kidney injury. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of conivaptan as an ADH antagonist and boric acid as an antioxidant agent on the post-ischemic renal injury process. In this study, the unilateral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury rat model with contralateral nephrectomy was performed and blood/kidney tissue samples were taken at 6th hours of reperfusion. The effects of 10 mg/mL/kg conivaptan and 50 mg/kg boric acid were examined with the help of some biochemical and histological analyses. We observed that conivaptan generally alleviated the destructive effects of I/R and has therapeutic effects. Also of note is that conivaptan and boric acid combination tended to show negative effects on kidney function, considering the highest BUN (78.46 ± 3.88 mg/dL) and creatinine levels (1.561 ± 0.1018 mg/dL), suggesting possibly drug-drug interaction. Although it has reported that conivaptan can interact with other active substances, no experimental/clinical data on the possible interaction with boric acid have reported so far.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Director and workers of the Medical and Surgical Experimental Research Center of the University for their kind cooperation during the animal care.

Funding

This research was financially supported by the Scientific Research Projects Commission of the Eskisehir Osmangazi University (Eskişehir, Turkey) (Project #202011011).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Betül Can, Ezgi Kar, Mete Özkoç, Güngör Kanbak & İbrahim Özkan Alataş

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Hakan Şentürk

  3. Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Dilek Burukoğlu Dönmez

  4. Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey

    Fatih Kar

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  1. Betül Can
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  3. Ezgi Kar
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Contributions

B.C., F.K., and H.Ş. designed the study. H.Ş., B.C., F.K., E.K., and M.Ö. performed surgical operations. B.C., F.K., E.K., M.Ö., G.K., and İ.Ö.A. analyzed biochemical experiments. D.B.D. performed histological analyses. F.K. and M.Ö. helped interpret the statistical data. B.C. wrote the paper and interpreted the data. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Betül Can.

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All animal research protocols in this study were approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (HADYEK, Protocol #772/2019).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Can, B., Kar, F., Kar, E. et al. Conivaptan and Boric Acid Treatments in Acute Kidney Injury: Is This Combination Effective and Safe?. Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 3723–3737 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02977-8

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