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In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity and Phytochemicals Screening of Extracts of the Freshwater Microalgae, Chlorochromonas danica

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Abstract

The present study was focused on the screening of phytochemicals, their quantitative estimation and analysis by LC–MS profile, and antiproliferative efficacy of the aqueous-ethanolic extracts of the microalgae, Chlorochromonas danica isolated from the freshwater body Tavanampalli. The aqueous-ethanol extract of Chlorochromonas danica showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, and proteins. The total flavonoid content, total phenol content, and total protein content were determined to be 158.65 mg of quercetin equivalent, 15.75 mg of gallic acid equivalent, and 134.65 mg/g dry weight of the extract, respectively. The LC–MS analysis confirmed the presence of several major bioactive molecules including l-Histidine, d-glutamine, l-aspartic acid, adenine, adenosine, cotinine, guanine hypoxanthine, l-glutamic acid, nicotinamide, 4-Hydroxycoumarin, and Stearamide. The aqueous-ethanol extract of Chlorochromonas danica exhibited an IC50 values of 63.34 µg, 279.29 µg, 125.42 µg, 90.56 µg, and 95.58 µg against A375, A549, HeLa, HepG2, and HT29 cell lines respectively, compared to the positive control cisplatin with IC50 values of 3.56 µg, 4.65 µg, 3.88 µg, 4.87 µg, and 7.23 µg respectively. These data suggest that Chlorochromonas danica remains a promising drug candidate for the treatment of cancers, particularly melanoma (A375 cell line) that can be considered for purification of antiproliferative compound and further clinical trials for the discovery of novel antiproliferative drugs from cost-effective sources.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by UGC under National Fellowship for Persons with Disabilities (NFPWD)-2018-20 (ID: NFPWD-2018-20-AND-6934).The authors would like thank the Head, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Presidency College (Autonomous ), Chennai. We are grateful to Exonn Biosciences Crescent Innovation and Incubation Council, Chennai and Greensmed Labs, Chennai for their timely help throughout the research.

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  1. Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai, India

    Geethanjali Kilari & Sankaran Balakrishnan

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  1. Geethanjali Kilari
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Geethanjali Kilari conceptualized the project’s primary principles, drafted the analysis methods, conducted the scientific investigation, formal analysis, data curation, and acquired funding from the UGC National Fellowship for Persons with Disabilities NFPWD-2018–20-AND-6934, dated: 06/11/2020. Sankaran Balakrishnan worked on the project's concept, design, and monitoring and evaluation throughout the project. Sankaran Balakrishnan reviewed and edited the first draft of the paper, which was written by Geethanjali Kilari. Both the authors contributed to the final revision of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sankaran Balakrishnan.

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Kilari, G., Balakrishnan, S. In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity and Phytochemicals Screening of Extracts of the Freshwater Microalgae, Chlorochromonas danica. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 534–555 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-04137-7

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