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Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Behavior of Refractory Multi-principal Element Alloys by Laser Remelting and Conventional Manufacturing

  • Additive Manufacturing for High Temperature Energy Systems: Harvesting Material Data and Modeling
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Abstract

Refractory multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs), HfNbTaTiZr, (HfNbTaTiZr)9Cr, and (HfNbTaTiZr)9Al, were manufactured using vacuum arc melting followed by laser remelting to mimic additive manufacturing. The microhardness of the as-cast HfNbTaTiZr, (HfNbTaTiZr)9Cr, and (HfNbTaTiZr)9Al samples after arc melting was measured as 6.20, 7.63, and 6.89 Gpa, respectively. After laser remelting and re-solidification, the hardness increased by ~ 30% for each composition; the hardest was (HfNbTaTiZr)9Cr measured at 9.60 GPa, while the softest was HfNbTaTiZr with a hardness of 8.42 GPa, which was still harder compared to all the other samples. The addition of Al and Cr led to enhanced oxidation resistance for the respective RMPEA systems. The Al-containing composition showed the best oxidation resistance for the samples; however, after laser remelting, the Cr-containing RMPEA had the best overall oxidation resistance, and the increase in weight after oxidation dropped by 42% when compared to that for the as-cast alloy. Laser remelting the RMPEAs led to an improvement in mechanical properties; it also resulted in enhanced oxidation resistance for (HfNbTaTiZr)9Cr. However, laser remelting barely changed the oxidation resistance for (HfNbTaTiZr)9Al, and it decreased the oxidation resistance for HfNbTaTiZr. These phenomena are related to microstructure changes induced by the laser remelting/additive manufacturing compared to conventional casting-based manufacturing.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by a seed grant from the Intelligent Systems Center of Missouri University of Science and Technology and by a research grant (award number 2207965) from the U.S. National Science Foundation. The Materials Research Center at Missouri University of Science and Technology is acknowledged for providing access to electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Dr. Eric Bohannan is thanked for his assistance with X-ray diffraction.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA

    Visharad Jalan, Seth Crawford & Haiming Wen

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA

    Sung-Heng Wu & Frank Liou

  3. Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA

    Haiming Wen

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Jalan, V., Crawford, S., Wu, SH. et al. Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Behavior of Refractory Multi-principal Element Alloys by Laser Remelting and Conventional Manufacturing. JOM 75, 5055–5065 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-023-06135-4

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