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Exergy destruction improvement of hydrogen liquefaction process considering variations in cooling water temperature

  • Process Systems Engineering, Process Safety
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Abstract

As the movement for carbon neutrality spreads around the world, research on hydrogen energy is also being actively conducted. In the hydrogen value chain, liquefaction is a particularly energy-intensive process. Although the operating energy of the hydrogen liquefaction process can vary greatly depending on the season or regional cooling water temperature, previous studies have not taken this into account. In this study, we quantitatively identify the effect of the change in cooling water temperature on exergy destruction, specific energy consumption (SEC), and coefficient of performance (COP) of the liquefaction process. In addition, we propose a design improvement to reduce exergy destruction with the exergy analysis of multi-stream heat exchangers. A new design (auxiliary process) that reduces exergy destruction is proposed by analyzing the device where energy destruction occurs the most. When the cooling water temperature increases from 20 °C to 35 °C, there is a tendency for SEC and exergy destruction to increase and the COP to decrease. The new design with an auxiliary process shows a decrease in SEC and a reduced rate of increase in SEC in response to the increase in cooling water temperature. The base case without the auxiliary cycle shows that the SEC with cooling water of 35 °C is 14.66% greater than that with cooling water of 20 °C, while the proposed process shows the rate of increase of 9.70%. This means that adding the auxiliary cycle can improve the energy efficiency and increase robustness to variations in ambient conditions.

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Abbreviations

A:

heat transfer area

C p :

specific heat capacity [kJ/kmole °C]

CR:

compression ratio

Ex:

rate of exergy [kW]

I:

irreversibility [kW]

k:

specific heat ratio

LMTD:

logarithmic mean temperature difference

ρ :

liquid density [kg/m3]

\(\mathop {\rm{m}}\limits^ \cdot\) :

molar flow rate [kmole/s]

P:

pressure [bar]

q:

volumetric flow rate [m3/h]

T:

temperature

U:

overall heat transfer coefficient [kW/m3·°C]

\(\mathop {\rm{W}}\limits^ \cdot\) :

work transfer rate [kW]

x:

component mole fraction

Z:

gas compressibility factor

η :

efficiency

SEC:

specific energy consumption

COM:

compressor

COP:

coefficient of performance

EXP:

expander

CRV:

conversion reactor

HX:

heat exchanger

BHP:

brake horsepower

c:

cold

Ex:

exergy

H:

hot

i:

component i

o:

outlet

P:

pump

s:

suction

°:

standard condition

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), granted financial resources from the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (No. 20227310100010) and by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement (KAIA) grant funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (No. 21ATOG-C162087-01).

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Author notes

  1. The first authors contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01897, Korea

    Dong Hyeon Lee, Seo Yeon Yu, Seung Yeol Yeom, Jeong Jun Lee, Byeong Chan Kang, Chung Hun Cho & Yeonsoo Kim

  2. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 42-7, Baegyang-daero 804beon-gil, Sasang-gu, Busan, 46938, Korea

    Seok Goo Lee

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  1. Dong Hyeon Lee
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Correspondence to Seok Goo Lee or Yeonsoo Kim.

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Lee, D.H., Yu, S.Y., Yeom, S.Y. et al. Exergy destruction improvement of hydrogen liquefaction process considering variations in cooling water temperature. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 40, 1839–1849 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-023-1480-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-023-1480-5

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