Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

An optimized hardness model for carburizing-quenching of low carbon alloy steel

  • Published:
Journal of Central South University Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Research has been conducted about the hardness prediction for the carburizing and quenching process based on an optimized hardness simulation model, in accordance with the calculation rule of mixed phases. The coupling field model incorporates carburizing field analysis, temperature field analysis, phase transformation kinetics analysis and a modified hardness calculation model. In determination of the calculation model for hardness, calculation equations are given to be applied to low carbon content (x(C)≤0.5%) for the child phases and the martensite hardness is calculated for high carbon content (x(C)>0.5%) in alloy. Then, the complete carburizing-quenching hardness calculation model is built, and the hardness simulation data are corrected considering the influence of residual austenite (RA) on hardness. Hardness simulations of the carburizing and quenching process of 17CrNiMo6 samples have been performed using DEFORM-HT_V10.2 and MATLAB R2013a. Finally, a series of comparisons of simulation results and measured values show a good agreement between them, which validates the accuracy of the proposed mathematical model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. CHEN Guo-min. Review on carburizing and hardening technology of gears in China [J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2008, 33(1): 25–33. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  2. NIU Shan-ting. Research on 3D finite element simulation and parameter optimization for quenching process [D]. Ji’nan: Shandong University. School of Materials Science & Engineering, 2007. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  3. MAYNIER P, DOLLET J. Hardenability concepts with applications to steels [M]. DOANE D V, KIRKALDY J S, eds. New York, USA: AIME, 1978: 518–544.

  4. WOODARD P R, CHANDRASEKER S, YANG H T. Analysis of temperature and microstructure in the quenching of steel cylinders [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 1999, 30B: 815–822.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. CARLONE P, PALAZZO G S, PASQUINO R. Finite element analysis of the steel quenching process: Temperature field and solid-solid phase change [J]. International Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 2010, 59: 585–594.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. YUAN J, KANG J, RONG Y, SISSON R. FEM modeling of induction hardening processes in steel [J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2003, 12(5): 589–596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. KO D H, KO D C. Application of QFA coupled with CFD analysis to predict the hardness of T6 heat treated A16061 cylinder [J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2013, 27(9): 2839–2844.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. WANG Ai-xiang, GAO Jin-zhu, Heat treatment of new type high alloy carburizing gear steel 17CrNiMo6 [J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2010, 35(10): 82–86. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  9. SMOLJAN B. Numerical simulation of steel quenching [J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2002, 11: 75–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. SUGIANTO A, NARAZAKI M, KOGAWARA M. Numerical simulation and experimental verification of carburizing-quenching process of SCr420H steel helical gear [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2009, 209: 3597–3609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. KIM N K, BAE K Y. Analysis of deformation in the carburizing-quenching heat treatment of helical gears made of SCM415H steel [J]. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 2015, 16(1): 73–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. SONG Gang-sheng, LIU Xiang-hua, WANG Guo-dong. Numerical simulation on carburizing and quenching of gear ring [J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 2007, 14: 47–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. CHEN Wei, LIU Yong, WANG Shun-xing. A calculating method for carbon diffusivity and transfer coefficient [J]. Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology: Nature Science, 2003, 24(1): 11–13. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  14. ZHANG Xing, TANG Jin-yuan. Key technology in carburizing process simulation for 17CrNiMo6 steel annular gear [J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2015, 40(3): 185–189. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  15. SUGIANTO A, NARAZAKI M, KOGAWARA M. Distortion analysis of axial contraction of carburized-quenched helical gear [J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2010, 19: 194–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. KANG S H, IM Y T. Thermo-elastic-plastic finite element analysis of quenching process of carbon steel [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2007, 192-193: 381–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. LIU Zhi-xin. Numerical simulation of heat treatment process in 18CrNiMo7-6 and determination of heat transfer coefficient [D]. Dalian: Dalian Jiaotong University, 2013. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  18. LI Zhi-chao, FREBORG A M. Modeling the effect of carburization and quenching on the development of residual stresses and bending fatigue resistance of steel gears [J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2013, 22: 664–672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. SCHILLÉ J P, GUO Z L. Modeling phase transformations and material properties critical to processing simulation of steels [J]. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2011, 26: 137–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. LEE S J, LEE Y K. Finite element simulation of quench distortion in a low-alloy steel incorporating transformation kinetics [J]. Acta Materialia, 2008, 56: 1482–1490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. SIMSIR C, GÜR C H. 3D FEM simulation of steel quenching and investigation of the effect of asymmetric geometry on residual stress distribution [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2008, 207: 211–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. NUSHEH M. Recent researches in metallurgical engineering-From extraction to forming [EB/OL]. Physics Web, www.intechopen.com, 2012.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. HUANG Chun-feng. Empirical formulas for process planning for steel heat treatment [J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing, 2000(4): 53–55. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  24. YU Bai-hai. Computer design of steel [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 1996: 10–36. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Xing Zhang  (张星) & Jin-yuan Tang  (唐进元)

  2. School of Software, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Xue-rui Zhang  (张学瑞)

Authors
  1. Xing Zhang  (张星)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jin-yuan Tang  (唐进元)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xue-rui Zhang  (张学瑞)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jin-yuan Tang  (唐进元).

Additional information

Foundation item: Projects(51535012, U1604255) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2016JC2001) supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province, China

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, X., Tang, Jy. & Zhang, Xr. An optimized hardness model for carburizing-quenching of low carbon alloy steel. J. Cent. South Univ. 24, 9–16 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-017-3403-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-017-3403-2

Key words

Search

Navigation